Why is India called a subcontinent?

India is often referred to as a subcontinent due to its large size, unique geographical features, and distinct cultural identity. The term "subcontinent" is used to describe a large, self-contained landmass that is geographically and culturally separate from the rest of the continent.

Geographical Features:
- India is located in South Asia and is bordered by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast.
- The northern border of India is formed by the vast Himalayan mountain range, which provides a natural barrier between India and the rest of Asia.
- The subcontinent is characterized by diverse geographical features, including fertile plains, coastal regions, deserts, plateaus, and mountain ranges.

Cultural Identity:
- India has a rich history and diverse cultural heritage. It is home to numerous religions, such as Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism, which have coexisted and influenced each other for centuries.
- The country is known for its vibrant traditions, languages, art forms, music, dance, and cuisine, which vary significantly across different regions.
- The caste system, which has played a significant role in shaping Indian society, is another aspect that highlights the unique cultural identity of India.

Part of Indian Subcontinent:
Several countries are considered part of the Indian subcontinent due to their geographical proximity, historical connections, and cultural similarities. These countries include:

1. India: The largest and most populous country in the Indian subcontinent, India is the primary landmass that defines the subcontinent.
2. Pakistan: Located to the northwest of India, Pakistan was formerly part of British India. It gained independence in 1947 and is predominantly Muslim.
3. Bangladesh: Situated to the east of India, Bangladesh was part of Pakistan until 1971 when it gained independence. It is predominantly Bengali-speaking.
4. Nepal: Located in the Himalayas, Nepal is a landlocked country bordered by India to the east, south, and west. It is known for its stunning mountain landscapes and rich cultural heritage.
5. Bhutan: Situated in the eastern Himalayas, Bhutan is a landlocked country bordered by India to the south and China to the north. It is known for its unique approach to measuring national happiness.
6. Sri Lanka: An island nation located in the Indian Ocean, off the southeastern coast of India. Sri Lanka has close cultural ties with India and is known for its beautiful beaches, ancient ruins, and diverse wildlife.

The Indian subcontinent encompasses these countries, which share historical, cultural, and geographical connections with India. Together, they form a distinctive region that is often referred to as the Indian subcontinent.