Understanding Capital G and Small g
The distinction between capital G and small g primarily arises in the context of physics and mathematics, specifically in gravitational equations and constants.
1. Definition of Capital G
- Universal Gravitational Constant: Capital G represents the universal gravitational constant.
- Value: Its value is approximately 6.674 × 10^-11 N(m/kg)^2.
- Usage: It is used in Newton's law of universal gravitation to calculate the force of attraction between two masses.
2. Definition of Small g
- Acceleration Due to Gravity: Small g denotes the acceleration due to gravity at the Earth's surface.
- Value: Its average value is about 9.81 m/s².
- Contextual Use: Small g reflects how fast an object accelerates toward the Earth when in free fall.
3. Key Differences
- Type of Quantity:
- Capital G is a constant (universal), applicable in various gravitational calculations.
- Small g is a variable (local), specific to the gravitational pull experienced by objects on Earth.
- Scope of Application:
- Capital G is used in general gravitational equations involving any two masses in the universe.
- Small g is primarily concerned with objects near the Earth's surface, affecting how we perceive weight and motion.
4. Importance in Physics
- Capital G: Crucial for understanding gravitational forces on a cosmic scale.
- Small g: Essential for calculating weight and understanding motion in everyday scenarios.
Understanding these differences is fundamental in both theoretical and applied physics, impacting calculations related to gravity in various contexts.

G is constant where g is gravity