Introduction:

Iltutmish was a ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. He was the third ruler of the Slave Dynasty and ruled from 1210 to 1236 AD. He was known for his administrative and military skills. Under his reign, the Delhi Sultanate expanded its territory and became a powerful empire.

Early Life:

Iltutmish was born in Turkistan and was bought as a slave by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the founder of the Slave Dynasty. He was trained as a soldier and rose through the ranks to become a prominent commander in the army.

Accession to the Throne:

After the death of Qutb-ud-din Aibak, his son Aram Shah became the ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. But he was weak and incompetent, and the nobles of the empire did not support him. Iltutmish took advantage of this and led a rebellion against Aram Shah. He defeated him and ascended the throne in 1210 AD.

Administration:

Iltutmish was a capable administrator and implemented several reforms to strengthen the empire. He introduced the Iqta system, where the nobles were given land in exchange for their services to the empire. This helped in increasing the revenue and the size of the army. He also established a strong central administration and appointed talented officials to key positions.

Military Campaigns:

Iltutmish was a skilled military commander and led several campaigns to expand the empire. He conquered several territories in Northern India, including Ranthambore, Gwalior, and Malwa. He also defeated the Mongols in the Battle of Indus in 1221 AD.

Religious Policy:

Iltutmish was a patron of Sufism and encouraged the spread of Islam in India. He built several mosques, madrasas, and dargahs during his reign. He also allowed religious freedom and did not discriminate against non-Muslims.

Legacy:

Iltutmish was one of the most successful rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. Under his reign, the empire became a powerful and prosperous state. He laid the foundation for the Sultanate's administrative, military, and cultural achievements. He was succeeded by his daughter Razia Sultana, who became the first female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.

Shams ud-Din Iltutmish, (r. 1211–1236) was the third of the Mamluk kings who ruled the former Ghurid territories in northern India. He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi, and is thus considered the effective founder of the Delhi Sultanate.