Iqta System Introduced by Iltutmish

The iqta system was introduced by Iltutmish, the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate in the 13th century. This system played a crucial role in the administration and revenue collection of the Sultanate. It was a unique and effective method of governance that helped the Sultanate in maintaining control over its vast territory.

What is the Iqta System?

The iqta system was a land revenue system based on the granting of iqta or land revenue assignments to military officers or nobles. The term "iqta" refers to the assignment of a specific area or revenue to an individual in return for military service and administration. The iqta holders were responsible for collecting taxes, maintaining law and order, and providing military support to the Sultanate.

Key Features of the Iqta System

1. Revenue Assignment: Under the iqta system, the Sultan assigned revenue rights or lands to the nobles or military officers in return for their services. These assignments were not hereditary but were granted for a specific period, usually one or two years.

2. Military Service: The iqta holders were required to provide military support to the Sultanate. They had to maintain a certain number of soldiers and participate in military campaigns whenever required. This ensured a ready army for the Sultan to defend the realm.

3. Tax Collection: One of the primary responsibilities of the iqta holders was to collect taxes from the assigned area. They had the authority to levy and collect various forms of taxes, such as land revenue, customs duties, and other local taxes. A portion of the collected revenue was retained by the iqta holder as their income, while the rest was submitted to the treasury of the Sultanate.

4. Administrative Control: Along with tax collection, the iqta holders also had administrative powers over their assigned territories. They maintained law and order, settled disputes, and ensured the smooth functioning of the region under their control.

5. Regular Evaluation: Iqta assignments were not permanent and were subject to periodic evaluation and reassignment by the Sultan. This allowed the Sultanate to maintain control over the iqta holders and prevent the accumulation of excessive power and wealth in the hands of a few individuals.

Significance of the Iqta System

The iqta system introduced by Iltutmish played a pivotal role in strengthening the administration and revenue collection of the Delhi Sultanate. It provided a systematic approach to governance and revenue generation. Key points highlighting its significance are:

- Efficient tax collection and revenue generation.
- Ensured a standing army for the Sultanate.
- Helped in the decentralization of power and administration.
- Promoted the integration of various regions into the Sultanate.
- Maintained control over the nobles and military officers.

Overall, the iqta system was an essential component of the administrative machinery of the Delhi Sultanate. It played a crucial role in the governance, revenue collection, and military strength of the Sultanate, contributing to its stability and expansion.