The correct answer is option 'C' - African National Congress (ANC).

The African National Congress (ANC) led the struggle against the policies of segregation in South Africa. Here is a detailed explanation of the role played by the ANC in the struggle against segregation:

1. Introduction to the African National Congress (ANC):
The ANC was founded in 1912 and became one of the oldest and most prominent political organizations in South Africa. It initially aimed to fight for the rights and interests of the African people who were marginalized under colonial rule.

2. Early Years:
In the early years, the ANC focused on issues such as land rights, labor rights, and political representation for Africans. It organized protests, strikes, and campaigns to challenge discriminatory laws and practices.

3. Defiance Campaign:
In the 1950s, the ANC launched the Defiance Campaign, which encouraged Africans to openly defy segregation laws such as the pass laws. This campaign aimed to challenge the legitimacy of segregation and mobilize the masses against it.

4. Freedom Charter:
In 1955, the ANC, along with other anti-apartheid organizations, adopted the Freedom Charter. The Charter declared that South Africa belongs to all who live in it, and it called for equal rights, non-racialism, and the end of segregation. The ANC played a crucial role in promoting the ideals of the Freedom Charter.

5. Rivonia Trial:
In the 1960s, many ANC leaders, including Nelson Mandela, were arrested and charged with treason. The Rivonia Trial, which took place in 1963-1964, brought international attention to the ANC's struggle against apartheid. Despite being sentenced to life imprisonment, the leaders' steadfastness and sacrifice further highlighted the injustice of segregation.

6. Armed Struggle:
As peaceful protests were met with violent repression, the ANC eventually turned to armed struggle. It formed the Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation) as its armed wing, with the aim of sabotaging key infrastructure and targeting symbols of apartheid.

7. International Solidarity:
The ANC received considerable international support during its struggle against segregation. Many countries imposed economic sanctions on South Africa, and the ANC's cause gained global attention. The anti-apartheid movement became a significant international movement, and the ANC played a crucial role in mobilizing support.

8. Negotiations and the End of Apartheid:
In the 1990s, the ANC engaged in negotiations with the apartheid government. These negotiations eventually led to the end of apartheid, the release of political prisoners, including Nelson Mandela, and the establishment of democratic elections. In 1994, the ANC won the first non-racial elections, and Nelson Mandela became South Africa's first black president.

In conclusion, the African National Congress (ANC) played a pivotal role in leading the struggle against the policies of segregation in South Africa. Through peaceful protests, armed resistance, international solidarity, and negotiations, the ANC played a crucial role in challenging and ultimately dismantling apartheid.