Organising is a 4 step process :~ 1. identification and division of work 2. departmentalization 3. assignment of duties 4. establishing reporting relationship

The last step in the organizing process is establishing reporting relationships. This step involves creating a clear and formal system of communication and reporting within an organization. It ensures that there is a structured flow of information, authority, and responsibility from top to bottom and vice versa.

Establishing reporting relationships is crucial for effective coordination and control within an organization. It helps in defining the hierarchy and chain of command, clarifying roles and responsibilities, and facilitating decision-making processes.

Here is a detailed explanation of the last step in the organizing process:

1. Importance of establishing reporting relationships:
- Provides a clear line of authority and accountability: By establishing reporting relationships, it becomes clear who reports to whom and who is responsible for what. This clarity helps in avoiding confusion and conflicts regarding roles and responsibilities.
- Facilitates effective communication: A well-defined reporting system ensures that information flows smoothly and timely between different levels of the organization. This facilitates effective coordination and decision-making.
- Enables efficient decision-making: When reporting relationships are established, it becomes easier to involve the right people in the decision-making process. This ensures that decisions are made by those who have the necessary knowledge and authority.

2. Steps involved in establishing reporting relationships:
- Identifying reporting relationships: This step involves determining the reporting structure based on the organization's hierarchy and functional requirements.
- Designating supervisors: Once the reporting relationships are identified, supervisors or managers are assigned to oversee and guide the work of their subordinates.
- Defining reporting channels: Reporting channels are established to ensure that information flows in a systematic manner. This includes determining who reports to whom and how often.
- Establishing communication protocols: Clear guidelines and protocols are set to ensure effective communication within the organization. This may include regular meetings, reports, and feedback mechanisms.

3. Benefits of establishing reporting relationships:
- Improved coordination and teamwork: Clear reporting relationships help in fostering collaboration and coordination among different departments and individuals within the organization.
- Enhanced accountability: When reporting relationships are established, individuals are held accountable for their actions and performance, as they know who they are reporting to and who is responsible for evaluating their work.
- Streamlined decision-making: With clear reporting relationships, decision-making becomes more efficient as the right people are involved at the appropriate levels of authority.

Overall, establishing reporting relationships is a crucial step in the organizing process as it provides a structured framework for communication, coordination, and decision-making within an organization. It ensures that there is clarity regarding roles, responsibilities, and authority, leading to improved efficiency and effectiveness.