Stomata:

Stomata are microscopic pores found on the surface of a plant's leaves, stems, and other organs. They are surrounded by two specialized cells called guard cells, which help to regulate the opening and closing of the stomata. Stomata are essential for the survival of plants, as they play a vital role in the process of photosynthesis and respiration.

Functions of stomata:

1. Gas exchange:
Stomata are primarily responsible for the exchange of gases between the plant and the surrounding environment. During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide from the air to produce glucose and oxygen. The oxygen is then released into the atmosphere through the stomata. During respiration, plants take in oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide through the stomata.

2. Water regulation:
Stomata also play a crucial role in regulating the amount of water that is lost from the plant through a process called transpiration. When the stomata are open, water vapor is released from the plant into the surrounding environment. The rate of transpiration is affected by factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The guard cells that surround the stomata can adjust their shape to control the size of the opening, which helps to regulate the rate of transpiration.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, stomata are essential structures that allow plants to carry out the process of photosynthesis and respiration. They play a vital role in regulating gas exchange and water loss, which are critical functions for the survival of the plant. Understanding how stomata work is essential for understanding plant physiology and ecology.

Tiny pores found downside of the leaves which helps in transpiration, translocation and respiration in a plants is known as STOMATA..
(If we put a leaf in opposite directions up to down and see with a microscope we can easily see STOMATA..)