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One molecule of water adds to alkynes on warming with mercuric sulphate and dilute sulphuric acid to form:

  • a)
    Carbonyl compound

  • b)
    Propane

  • c)
    Ethyl free radical

  • d)
    Isopropyl free radical 

Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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One molecule of water adds to alkynes on warming with mercuric sulphat...
When one molecule of alkynes react with mercuric sulphate and dilute sulphuric acid at 333 K it result into the formation of  carbonyl compounds.


Reaction involved:

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One molecule of water adds to alkynes on warming with mercuric sulphat...
Addition of Water to Alkynes

When one molecule of water is added to alkynes on warming with mercuric sulphate and dilute sulphuric acid, it results in the formation of a carbonyl compound.

Mechanism:

1. Formation of Mercurinium Ion:
- In the presence of mercuric sulphate and dilute sulphuric acid, the alkyne reacts with mercuric ion (Hg2+) to form a mercurinium ion.
- The mercurinium ion is a three-membered ring intermediate in which the mercury atom is bonded to two carbon atoms.

2. Attack by Water:
- The mercurinium ion is unstable and undergoes attack by water.
- One of the carbon atoms in the mercurinium ion is attacked by the oxygen atom of water, leading to the formation of a protonated alcohol.

3. Rearrangement:
- The protonated alcohol undergoes a rearrangement in which a hydrogen atom is transferred from the carbon atom bonded to the mercury atom to the oxygen atom.
- This rearrangement results in the formation of a ketone or an aldehyde, depending on the substituents present on the alkyne.

Overall Reaction:

The overall reaction can be represented as follows:

Alkyne + HgSO4 + H2SO4 + H2O → Carbonyl Compound

For example, when acetylene (ethyne) reacts with mercuric sulphate and dilute sulphuric acid, it forms acetaldehyde.

C2H2 + HgSO4 + H2SO4 + H2O → CH3CHO

Conclusion:

On warming with mercuric sulphate and dilute sulphuric acid, the addition of water to alkynes leads to the formation of carbonyl compounds such as ketones or aldehydes. This reaction is an important method for the synthesis of carbonyl compounds from alkynes.
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Attempt All sub parts from each question.Molecular Perspective In water, there are two types of molecules. Some molecules are at the surface, called exterior molecules, and some molecules are inside, called interior molecules. The interior molecules are attracted to all the molecules around them. The exterior molecules are attracted to only the other surface molecules and to those below the surface. So that the energy state of the molecules on the interior is much lower than that of the molecules on the exterior. The molecules always try to maintain a lower energy state and hence the exterior molecules experience a downward force. This force is known as cohesive force. As a result they try to maintain a minimum surface area, thus allowing more molecules to have a lower energy state. Thus surface tension is created. The water molecules attract one another due to the water molecule’s polar property. The hydrogen ends, which are positive in comparison to the negative ends of the oxygen, cause water to "stick " together. This is why there is surface tension. Water has very high surface tension. It is 72.8 milli newton per meter at 20°C.Q. Which one of the following is the correct molecular structure of water molecule?

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One molecule of water adds to alkynes on warming with mercuric sulphate and dilute sulphuric acid to form:a)Carbonyl compoundb)Propanec)Ethyl free radicald)Isopropyl free radicalCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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