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For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must balance. This is true only if the torque are taken about
  • a)
    any point on the system
  • b)
    The centre of the system.
  • c)
    The centre of mass of system.
  • d)
    None of these
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must b...
Net Torque Must Be Zero. The second condition necessary to achieve equilibrium involves avoiding accelerated rotation (maintaining a constant angular velocity ). A rotating body or system can be in equilibrium if its rate of rotation is constant and remains unchanged by the forces acting on it.
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For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must b...
Torque and Equilibrium:
- Torque is the rotational equivalent of force. It is the measure of the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis.
- When multiple torques act on a system, the net torque determines the rotational state of the system.
- If the net torque is zero, the system is in rotational equilibrium, meaning it is not rotating.
- The condition for rotational equilibrium is that the sum of the clockwise torques must be equal to the sum of the counterclockwise torques.

Choosing the Point of Calculation:
- To determine whether a system is in equilibrium, we need to calculate the net torque.
- The point about which the torques are calculated is crucial for obtaining accurate results.
- The torque exerted by a force depends on the distance between the point of calculation and the line of action of the force.
- The perpendicular distance between the point and the line of action is called the lever arm.
- The torque exerted by a force is given by the formula: Torque = Force × Lever arm.

Option A: Any Point on the System:
- The statement that the net torques must balance when taken about any point on the system is correct.
- This is because the net torque calculation is independent of the choice of the point of calculation.
- When calculating the net torque, we consider all the forces acting on the system and their respective lever arms.
- As long as we include all the forces and their lever arms, the net torque will be the same regardless of the point of calculation.
- This means that the rotational equilibrium condition holds regardless of the reference point chosen.
- Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

Option B: The Centre of the System:
- The statement that the net torques must balance only when taken about the center of the system is incorrect.
- While it is true that taking torques about the center of mass simplifies calculations, it is not a requirement for equilibrium.
- Equilibrium can be determined by calculating torques about any point on the system.
- The net torque will still be zero if the sum of the clockwise torques is equal to the sum of the counterclockwise torques, regardless of the point of calculation.

Option C: The Centre of Mass of the System:
- The statement that the net torques must balance only when taken about the center of mass of the system is incorrect.
- Similar to option B, taking torques about the center of mass is not a requirement for equilibrium.
- However, considering the center of mass can simplify calculations as it allows for the reduction of the number of forces and lever arms to be considered.
- But it is important to note that equilibrium can still be determined by calculating torques about any point on the system.

Option D: None of These:
- The statement that none of the above options are correct is incorrect.
- As explained, option A is the correct answer.
- The net torques must balance when taken about any point on the system for the system to be in equilibrium.
- This is a fundamental principle in rotational mechanics.
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Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. The most efficient form of damping is

Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. In Fluid Friction Damping the amount of damping torque

Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. Damping is required to be provided to the moving part of measuring instrument

Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. When the moving system of a measuring instrument moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be

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For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must balance. This is true only if the torque are taken abouta)any point on the systemb)The centre of the system.c)The centre of mass of system.d)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must balance. This is true only if the torque are taken abouta)any point on the systemb)The centre of the system.c)The centre of mass of system.d)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for Class 11 2024 is part of Class 11 preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Class 11 exam syllabus. Information about For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must balance. This is true only if the torque are taken abouta)any point on the systemb)The centre of the system.c)The centre of mass of system.d)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Class 11 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must balance. This is true only if the torque are taken abouta)any point on the systemb)The centre of the system.c)The centre of mass of system.d)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
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