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For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must balance. This is true only if the torque are taken about

  • a)
    The centre of mass of system. 

  • b)
    The centre of the system.

  • c)
    any point on the system

  • d)
    None of these

Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must b...
For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must indeed balance. This condition of equilibrium applies when calculating torques about any point on or outside the system, not just specific locations like the center of the system or its center of mass. This principle is a fundamental aspect of rotational dynamics and equilibrium analysis in physics.
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Most Upvoted Answer
For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must b...
Introduction:
In physics, equilibrium refers to a state in which the net force and net torque acting on a system are both zero. When the net force is zero, the system is in translational equilibrium, and when the net torque is zero, the system is in rotational equilibrium. In this question, we are specifically addressing the condition for rotational equilibrium and the point about which torques are taken.

Explanation:
To understand why the correct answer is option 'C' (the center of mass of the system), let's first define what torque is. Torque is the measure of the force's tendency to cause an object to rotate about an axis or pivot point. It is given by the product of the force applied and the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force.

The Center of Mass:
The center of mass of a system is the point at which the entire mass of the system can be considered to be concentrated. It is a mathematical concept that simplifies the analysis of systems by allowing us to treat the entire system as if all the mass were located at a single point.

Equilibrium and Torques:
For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torque acting on it must be zero. This means that the clockwise torques must balance the counterclockwise torques. If the torques are taken about any other point in the system (option 'A'), the torques may not balance each other, and the system will not be in equilibrium.

Equilibrium and Center of Mass:
However, when the torques are taken about the center of mass of the system, the system will be in equilibrium. This is because the center of mass is a special point in the system where the distribution of mass is balanced. When torques are taken about the center of mass, the clockwise torques will exactly balance the counterclockwise torques, resulting in a net torque of zero.

Example:
For example, if we consider a uniform rod pivoted at one end, the center of mass of the rod will be located at its midpoint. If we apply a force perpendicular to the rod at any other point, the torques will not balance each other, and the rod will rotate. However, if we apply the force at the center of mass of the rod, the torques will balance, and the rod will remain in rotational equilibrium.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, for a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must balance. This is achieved by taking the torques about the center of mass of the system. Taking torques about any other point in the system will not result in equilibrium.
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Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. The most efficient form of damping is

Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. In Fluid Friction Damping the amount of damping torque

Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. Damping is required to be provided to the moving part of measuring instrument

Attempt All sub parts from each question.Damping: When an analog instrument is used to measure a physical parameter, a deflecting torque is applied to the moving system which is deflected from its initial position and should move steadily to the deflected position. But due to inertia, the moving system keeps on oscillating about equilibrium. To remove the oscillation of the moving system a damping torque is required. The damping torque should be of such that the pointer quickly comes to its final steady position, without overshooting. If the instrument is underdamped, the moving system will oscillate about the final steady position with a decreasing amplitude and will take some time before it comes to rest. When the moving system moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be critically damped or deadbeat. If the damping torque is more than what is required for critical damping, the instrument is said to be overdamped. In an overdamped instrument, the moving system moves slowly to its final steady position in a lethargic fashion.Methods of producing damping torque:(i) Air friction damping(ii) Fluid friction damping(iii) Eddy current dampingAir Friction Damping: A light piston is attached to the moving system. This piston moves in an air chamber closed at one end. When there is an oscillation, the piston moves in and out of the chamber. When the piston moves into the chamber, the air inside is compressed and an air pressure is built up which opposes the motion of the piston and thus the moving system faces a damping torque which ultimately reduces the oscillation. Fluid Friction Damping: In this type of damping oil is used in place of air. Viscosity of the oil being greater, the damping torque is also more. A disc is attached to the moving system which is completely dipped into the oil. When the moving system oscillates, the disc moves in oil and a frictional drag is produced. This frictional drag opposes the oscillation. Eddy Current Damping: The moving system is connected to an aluminium disc which rotates in a magnetic field. Rotation in magnetic field induces an emf in it and if the path is closed, a current (known as eddy current) flows. This current interacts with the magnetic field to produce an electromagnetic torque which opposes the motion. This torque is proportional to the oscillation of the moving system. This electromagnetic torque ultimately reduces the oscillation. Air friction damping provides a very simple and cheap method of damping. The disadvantages of fluid friction damping are that it can be used only for instruments which are in vertical position. Eddy current damping is the most efficient form of damping.Q. When the moving system of a measuring instrument moves rapidly but smoothly to its final steady position, the instrument is said to be

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For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must balance. This is true only if the torque are taken abouta)The centre of mass of system.b)The centre of the system.c)any point on the systemd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must balance. This is true only if the torque are taken abouta)The centre of mass of system.b)The centre of the system.c)any point on the systemd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for Class 11 2024 is part of Class 11 preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Class 11 exam syllabus. Information about For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must balance. This is true only if the torque are taken abouta)The centre of mass of system.b)The centre of the system.c)any point on the systemd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Class 11 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for For a system to be in equilibrium, the net torques acting on it must balance. This is true only if the torque are taken abouta)The centre of mass of system.b)The centre of the system.c)any point on the systemd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.
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