Open the tap and try to cut the water using your finger or knife. you will see that water again connects and starts to flow. this shows that water particles attract each other.

Experiment to Prove the Attraction between Particles of Matter

There are various experiments that demonstrate the attraction between particles of matter, also known as the force of gravity or gravitational pull. One of the most commonly used experiments to prove this concept is the Cavendish experiment, which was first conducted by Henry Cavendish in 1797.

The Cavendish Experiment

The Cavendish experiment involves using a torsion balance, which consists of a horizontal bar suspended from a thin wire. At each end of the horizontal bar, two small lead spheres are attached. These spheres act as "test masses" and are positioned close to two larger lead spheres, known as "attracting masses". The attracting masses are positioned slightly above and to the side of the test masses.

Measurement of the Torsional Force

To measure the tiny torsional force exerted on the wire, a light beam and a mirror are attached to the bar. The beam is directed onto the mirror and reflected back onto a scale. When the attracting masses are rotated, a small torsional force is exerted on the wire, causing the bar to twist slightly. This twist is measured using the scale.

Calculation of Gravitational Constant

By measuring the angle of twist and knowing the dimensions of the apparatus, the gravitational constant can be calculated. The gravitational constant is a fundamental constant that determines the strength of the gravitational force between objects. It is denoted by the symbol 'G'.

Interpretation of Results

The Cavendish experiment demonstrates that the attracting masses exert a gravitational force on the test masses. This force causes the torsional twist in the wire. The magnitude of the twist is incredibly small due to the weak gravitational force between the masses involved. However, the experiment's design and sensitivity allow for accurate measurement and calculation of the gravitational constant.

Conclusion

The Cavendish experiment provides evidence for the existence of gravitational attraction between particles of matter. It demonstrates that even small masses can exert a gravitational force on each other, and this force can be measured and quantified. The experiment's results contribute to our understanding of the fundamental forces that govern the behavior of matter in the universe.