Nephron :1)ultra absorption:: the process in which the dirty blood (contain: amino acids, urea water ,salt, glucose etc.) is transfer or passes into the Bowman's capsule through glomerulars from afferent artery is called ulta absorption.

2) selective reabsorption:: the process in which the waste present in the body require water at that time the water present in nephron gives out the water this process called as selective reabsorption.

3)tabular secretion :: the process , in which the extra urea present in the blood passes into the tube through renal vein is called tabular secretion.

Structure and Function of Nephron

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering the blood and producing urine. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons that work together to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. Let's explore the structure and function of the nephron in detail.

1. Renal Corpuscle:
The nephron begins with the renal corpuscle, consisting of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. This is where the blood is filtered. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, and Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus, collecting the filtrate.

2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
After the filtration, the filtrate moves into the proximal convoluted tubule. The PCT reabsorbs important substances like glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes back into the bloodstream. It also secretes waste products and drugs into the tubular fluid.

3. Loop of Henle:
The filtrate then enters the loop of Henle, which has a descending and an ascending limb. The loop of Henle plays a crucial role in concentrating the urine. The descending limb allows water to passively diffuse out of the filtrate, while the ascending limb actively transports sodium and chloride ions out of the tubular fluid.

4. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT):
Next, the filtrate enters the distal convoluted tubule. The DCT further fine-tunes the reabsorption and secretion processes. It regulates the pH balance by controlling the secretion of hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions.

5. Collecting Duct:
The collecting duct receives the filtrate from multiple nephrons. It plays a crucial role in water reabsorption and concentrating the urine. The collecting duct is also responsible for reabsorbing or secreting ions, depending on the body's needs.

6. Urine Formation:
As the filtrate passes through the nephron, the composition changes. Substances that are not reabsorbed or secreted remain in the tubular fluid and are excreted as urine. The urine then flows from the collecting ducts into the renal pelvis and eventually into the ureter for elimination.

The nephron's structure and organization allow for efficient filtration and reabsorption processes. The glomerulus filters the blood, while the various tubular segments reabsorb essential substances and regulate electrolyte balance. By adjusting the reabsorption and secretion processes, the nephron helps maintain homeostasis in the body, ensuring the proper balance of fluids and electrolytes.