Important Dates in Chapter 3: Nazism and the Rise of Hitler

1. 1919: The Formation of the Nazi Party (NSDAP)
- The Nazi Party, officially known as the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), was formed in Munich, Germany.
- Adolf Hitler, a former German soldier, joined the party and eventually became its leader.

2. 1923: The Munich Beer Hall Putsch
- On November 8th, Hitler and the Nazi Party attempted a coup d'état known as the Munich Beer Hall Putsch.
- The coup aimed to overthrow the Bavarian government and seize power in Munich, but it failed.
- Hitler was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison, during which he wrote his infamous autobiography, "Mein Kampf."

3. 1925: Rebuilding the Nazi Party
- After his release from prison, Hitler focused on rebuilding the Nazi Party, which had been banned temporarily.
- He sought to expand its influence and gain support by organizing rallies and public speeches.

4. 1929: The Great Depression
- The global economic crisis, known as the Great Depression, severely impacted Germany.
- High unemployment rates and economic instability created a fertile ground for radical political movements, including the Nazis.

5. 1930: Nazi Party Gains Electoral Success
- In the 1930 elections, the Nazi Party emerged as the second-largest party in the German Reichstag (parliament).
- Their popular support increased significantly, particularly among middle-class Germans who were affected by the economic crisis.

6. 1932: Hitler Runs for President
- In the presidential election of 1932, Adolf Hitler ran against the incumbent President Paul von Hindenburg.
- Although Hitler lost, he received a substantial number of votes, solidifying his position as a prominent political figure.

7. 1933: Hitler Appointed Chancellor
- On January 30th, 1933, President Hindenburg appointed Hitler as the German Chancellor, under pressure from conservative politicians.
- Hitler used his position to consolidate power and gradually dismantle democratic institutions, paving the way for totalitarian rule.

8. 1933: The Reichstag Fire and Enabling Act
- On February 27th, the Reichstag building in Berlin caught fire.
- Hitler and the Nazis blamed the incident on communist agitators and used it as a pretext to suppress political opposition.
- The Enabling Act, passed on March 23rd, gave Hitler dictatorial powers and allowed him to pass laws without parliamentary approval.

9. 1934: The Night of the Long Knives
- In June, Hitler ordered the purge of his political rivals, including members of the SA (Sturmabteilung) paramilitary organization.
- This event, known as the Night of the Long Knives, solidified Hitler's control over the Nazi Party and eliminated internal opposition.

10. 1934: Death of President Hindenburg and Hitler Becomes Führer
- On August 2nd, President Hindenburg passed away, and Hitler merged the positions of Chancellor and President, becoming the Führer (leader) of Germany.
- This consolidated his absolute power and marked the beginning of the Nazi regime.

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