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For the reaction between alkyl halide and OH- increase in solvent polarity generally
- a)Decreases the rate of SN1 reaction
- b)Increases the rate of SN1 reaction
- c)Increases the rate of SN2 reaction
- d)Does not alter the rate of SN1 and SN2 reaction
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Verified Answer
For the reaction between alkyl halide and OH- increase in solvent pola...
A polar protic solvent favours SN1 mechanism because polar solvents has the below properties:
- It stabilizes the carbocation intermediate. Polar solvents like methanol have a permanent dipole which means that partial negative charge on the molecule will have dipole-dipole interactions with the carbocation, stabilizing it.
- It reduces the reactivity of the nucleophile. The polar solvent can interact electrostatically with the nucleophile. This reduces the reactivity of the nucleophile and enhances the SN1 reaction.
Most Upvoted Answer
For the reaction between alkyl halide and OH- increase in solvent pola...
Due to polar solvent increase the rate of SN¹ reaction while non polar solvent increase the rate of SN² reaction.
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For the reaction between alkyl halide and OH- increase in solvent pola...
Increased Solvent Polarity and the Rate of SN1 Reaction
When an alkyl halide reacts with a nucleophile, such as OH-, two types of reactions can occur: SN1 (substitution nucleophilic unimolecular) and SN2 (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular). The rate of these reactions can be influenced by several factors, including the polarity of the solvent.
SN1 Reaction
In an SN1 reaction, the rate-determining step involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The alkyl halide first undergoes ionization to form a carbocation, and then the nucleophile attacks the carbocation to form the substitution product.
Effect of Solvent Polarity on SN1 Reaction
Solvent polarity plays a crucial role in the rate of SN1 reactions. Here's how increased solvent polarity affects the rate of SN1 reaction:
1. Stabilization of Carbocation Intermediate: In an SN1 reaction, the carbocation intermediate is formed. The stability of the carbocation determines the rate of the reaction. A more stable carbocation will form more readily, leading to a faster reaction rate. Polar solvents, such as water or alcohols, can stabilize the carbocation by solvation, effectively reducing the activation energy for carbocation formation. This stabilization accelerates the reaction rate.
2. Increased Ionization of Alkyl Halide: In a polar solvent, the alkyl halide molecules are more likely to dissociate into ions. This ionization of the alkyl halide increases the concentration of carbocation intermediates, leading to an increased rate of SN1 reaction.
3. Enhanced Solvation of Carbocation: Polar solvents have high dielectric constants, which means they have a greater ability to solvate charged species. The carbocation intermediate in an SN1 reaction is positively charged, and polar solvents can effectively solvate and stabilize it. This solvation reduces the energy barrier for carbocation formation and increases the reaction rate.
Conclusion
Considering the above points, it is clear that increased solvent polarity generally increases the rate of SN1 reactions. The solvent provides stabilization to the carbocation intermediate and enhances its formation by increasing the ionization of the alkyl halide. Therefore, the correct answer is option B: Increased solvent polarity increases the rate of SN1 reaction.
When an alkyl halide reacts with a nucleophile, such as OH-, two types of reactions can occur: SN1 (substitution nucleophilic unimolecular) and SN2 (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular). The rate of these reactions can be influenced by several factors, including the polarity of the solvent.
SN1 Reaction
In an SN1 reaction, the rate-determining step involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The alkyl halide first undergoes ionization to form a carbocation, and then the nucleophile attacks the carbocation to form the substitution product.
Effect of Solvent Polarity on SN1 Reaction
Solvent polarity plays a crucial role in the rate of SN1 reactions. Here's how increased solvent polarity affects the rate of SN1 reaction:
1. Stabilization of Carbocation Intermediate: In an SN1 reaction, the carbocation intermediate is formed. The stability of the carbocation determines the rate of the reaction. A more stable carbocation will form more readily, leading to a faster reaction rate. Polar solvents, such as water or alcohols, can stabilize the carbocation by solvation, effectively reducing the activation energy for carbocation formation. This stabilization accelerates the reaction rate.
2. Increased Ionization of Alkyl Halide: In a polar solvent, the alkyl halide molecules are more likely to dissociate into ions. This ionization of the alkyl halide increases the concentration of carbocation intermediates, leading to an increased rate of SN1 reaction.
3. Enhanced Solvation of Carbocation: Polar solvents have high dielectric constants, which means they have a greater ability to solvate charged species. The carbocation intermediate in an SN1 reaction is positively charged, and polar solvents can effectively solvate and stabilize it. This solvation reduces the energy barrier for carbocation formation and increases the reaction rate.
Conclusion
Considering the above points, it is clear that increased solvent polarity generally increases the rate of SN1 reactions. The solvent provides stabilization to the carbocation intermediate and enhances its formation by increasing the ionization of the alkyl halide. Therefore, the correct answer is option B: Increased solvent polarity increases the rate of SN1 reaction.
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For the reaction between alkyl halide and OH- increase in solvent polarity generallya)Decreases the rate of SN1 reactionb)Increases the rate of SN1 reactionc)Increases the rate of SN2 reactiond)Does not alter the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactionCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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For the reaction between alkyl halide and OH- increase in solvent polarity generallya)Decreases the rate of SN1 reactionb)Increases the rate of SN1 reactionc)Increases the rate of SN2 reactiond)Does not alter the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactionCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Chemistry 2024 is part of Chemistry preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Chemistry exam syllabus. Information about For the reaction between alkyl halide and OH- increase in solvent polarity generallya)Decreases the rate of SN1 reactionb)Increases the rate of SN1 reactionc)Increases the rate of SN2 reactiond)Does not alter the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactionCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Chemistry 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for For the reaction between alkyl halide and OH- increase in solvent polarity generallya)Decreases the rate of SN1 reactionb)Increases the rate of SN1 reactionc)Increases the rate of SN2 reactiond)Does not alter the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactionCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
For the reaction between alkyl halide and OH- increase in solvent polarity generallya)Decreases the rate of SN1 reactionb)Increases the rate of SN1 reactionc)Increases the rate of SN2 reactiond)Does not alter the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactionCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for Chemistry 2024 is part of Chemistry preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the Chemistry exam syllabus. Information about For the reaction between alkyl halide and OH- increase in solvent polarity generallya)Decreases the rate of SN1 reactionb)Increases the rate of SN1 reactionc)Increases the rate of SN2 reactiond)Does not alter the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactionCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for Chemistry 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for For the reaction between alkyl halide and OH- increase in solvent polarity generallya)Decreases the rate of SN1 reactionb)Increases the rate of SN1 reactionc)Increases the rate of SN2 reactiond)Does not alter the rate of SN1 and SN2 reactionCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
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