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Explain the economic condition of the workers before the Russian Revolution?
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Explain the economic condition of the workers before the Russian Revol...
The Social, Economic and Political Conditions in Russia before 1905

Political Conditions:

Russia at the time of the revolution was under the autocratic rule of Tsar Nicholas II who believed in the Divine Right of Kings. A system of governance unsuited to needs of modern times.

The Russian empire was vast and feudal. The bureaucracy was top heavy, inefficient and recruited from the privileged classes rather than on the basis of merit and ability. The Russian Tsars had built a vast empire by conquest of various nationalities. They were subjected to Russian culture and languages. The Tsar showed little concern to their sensitivity.

Social Conditions:

Russia before 1905 was still living in the old world, under the autocratic rule of the Tsar. Russian society was divided into three classes-the clergy, nobility and the working class. ,

Serfdom was abolished in 1861, but the peasants continued to live in misery.

(i) For small holdings peasants had to pay heavy redemption dues.

(ii) Vast estates were owned by the Russian nobility and the church.

(iii)Land hunger of the peasants was a major social factor in Russian Society.

The last quarter of the 19th century saw the growth and spread of socialist ideas and groups in the countryside and among the workers. They played a vital role in the spread of awareness and struggled for workers and peasants rights. The social scene in Russia before 1905 was riddled with inherent tensions. There was lack of interplay between state and society.

Economic Conditions:

Industrialisation brought a new class the industrial worker, who lived in conditions of misery. Workers had no political rights and no means of gaining even minor reforms. Work hours were long, wages were poor and unemployment common.
The middle class and intellectuals were also opposed and united against the exploitative system based on privileges.
The state exchequer was bankrupt, due to the spendthrift ways of the Tsar, expensive wars, burden of the bureaucracy and maintaining a large army. The privileged classes, clergy and nobility who could afford were exempt from taxes while the poor peasantry and working class were burdened with taxes. Industry in Russia developed largely due to foreign investment. Foreign investors were only interested in quick profits at the expense of workers.
Russia's defeat in the 1905 Russo-Japanese war brought all the summary discontentment of the people to the fore.
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The Economic Condition of Workers before the Russian Revolution

The economic condition of workers in Russia before the Russian Revolution was characterized by widespread poverty, exploitation, and inequality. The majority of workers lived in dire conditions, struggling to make ends meet, and facing harsh working conditions. Here is a detailed explanation of the economic condition of workers during that time:

1. Low Wages:
- Workers in Russia were paid extremely low wages, which often did not cover their basic needs.
- Wages were kept deliberately low by factory owners and capitalists to maximize their own profits.

2. Long Working Hours:
- Workers were subjected to long working hours, often exceeding 10-12 hours per day, with minimal breaks.
- These extended work hours left workers exhausted and deprived them of leisure time.

3. Dangerous and Unhealthy Working Conditions:
- Factories and industrial workplaces were often unsafe, lacking proper ventilation, lighting, and safety measures.
- Workers were exposed to hazardous substances, leading to numerous occupational diseases and accidents.

4. Lack of Social Security:
- The concept of social security was virtually non-existent, leaving workers vulnerable to illness, injury, and unemployment.
- Without any form of protection, workers faced significant hardships during times of crisis.

5. Limited Job Security:
- Workers were easily replaceable, and employers had the power to dismiss employees at will.
- This lack of job security created a climate of fear and uncertainty among workers.

6. Absence of Workers' Rights:
- Workers had limited or no rights to organize trade unions or engage in collective bargaining.
- This lack of representation made it difficult for workers to advocate for their rights and improve their working conditions.

7. Extreme Poverty:
- Due to low wages and poor working conditions, workers and their families lived in extreme poverty.
- Many workers struggled to afford basic necessities such as food, clothing, and shelter.

8. Class Inequality:
- The gap between the working class and the wealthy elite was vast, with a small group of capitalists amassing immense wealth.
- This stark inequality further exacerbated the economic hardships faced by workers.

Overall, the economic condition of workers before the Russian Revolution was characterized by exploitation, poverty, and a lack of basic rights and protections. These factors played a significant role in fueling the discontent and revolutionary sentiments that ultimately led to the overthrow of the Tsarist regime.
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