What is Cheros?

The term "Cheros" refers to a tribal group in India. They are one of the various tribes that are discussed in Chapter 7, "Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities," of the Social Science textbook for Class 7 published by NCERT.

Background and Lifestyle

The Cheros primarily reside in the states of Jharkhand and Bihar. They are considered to be one of the oldest indigenous tribes in the region. Historically, they were predominantly a forest-dwelling community, relying on hunting, gathering, and shifting agriculture as their primary means of sustenance.

Social Structure and Organization

The Cheros have a hierarchical social structure, with a clear division of labor and responsibilities. The community is divided into clans, each headed by a leader known as the "mukhiya." These leaders are responsible for resolving disputes and maintaining social harmony within their respective clans.

Economic Activities

Traditionally, the Cheros practiced shifting agriculture, also known as slash-and-burn agriculture, where they cleared a patch of forest, cultivated crops for a few years, and then moved on to a new area once the soil fertility declined. Apart from agriculture, they also engaged in activities like hunting, gathering forest produce, and fishing.

Religious Beliefs and Practices

The Cheros follow animistic beliefs and worship various nature deities and spirits. They have a rich oral tradition and pass down their knowledge and rituals through storytelling and songs. The tribe also celebrates various festivals and rituals associated with agriculture, hunting, and other significant events.

Challenges and Changes

Over time, the Cheros have faced several challenges due to changing socio-economic conditions and the impact of modernization. Deforestation, displacement, and loss of traditional livelihoods have greatly impacted their way of life. Many Cheros have also migrated to urban areas in search of alternative employment opportunities.

In recent years, there have been efforts to promote the welfare and development of tribal communities like the Cheros. Government initiatives, educational programs, and the recognition of their rights have aimed at preserving their cultural heritage and improving their socio-economic conditions.

Conclusion

The Cheros are an indigenous tribal community in India, known for their traditional lifestyle, social organization, and religious practices. While they have faced challenges due to various socio-economic factors, efforts are being made to preserve their cultural identity and improve their living conditions.