Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2. Consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group, aniline is the prototypical aromatic amine. Its main use is in the manufacture of precursors to polyurethane and other industrial chemicals. Like most volatile amines, it has the odor of rotten fish.

Reaction of Chlorobenzene with Aqueous NH3 Under Pressure in the Presence of Cuprous Chloride

The reaction of chlorobenzene with aqueous ammonia under pressure in the presence of cuprous chloride is a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The reaction is carried out in a closed vessel under pressure, which helps to increase the solubility of ammonia in the reaction mixture. Cuprous chloride acts as a catalyst for the reaction.

Mechanism of the Reaction

The mechanism of the reaction involves the following steps:

1. Formation of Cuprous Ammonia Complex

The first step involves the formation of a cuprous ammonia complex, which is formed by the reaction of cuprous chloride with aqueous ammonia. The cuprous ammonia complex acts as a catalyst for the reaction.

2. Attack of NH2- on Chlorobenzene

The next step involves the attack of the nucleophile NH2- on the electrophilic carbon atom of the chlorobenzene ring, which results in the formation of an intermediate.

3. Loss of Chloride Ion

The intermediate formed in step 2 is unstable and loses chloride ion to form the aniline.

4. Formation of Aniline

The final step involves the formation of aniline, which is the desired product of the reaction.

Conclusion

The reaction of chlorobenzene with aqueous ammonia under pressure in the presence of cuprous chloride gives aniline as the product. The reaction is a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction, which involves the attack of the nucleophile NH2- on the electrophilic carbon atom of the chlorobenzene ring. The reaction is carried out in a closed vessel under pressure, which helps to increase the solubility of ammonia in the reaction mixture. Cuprous chloride acts as a catalyst for the reaction.

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