The correct answer is option 'C': The members of the parliamentary committee are taken from various groups and parties in Parliament in proportion to their respective strength.

Parliamentary committees are an essential component of the legislative process in many countries, including democracies. These committees are responsible for examining and scrutinizing proposed legislation, conducting inquiries, and providing oversight of government activities. The members of these committees are typically appointed to ensure a fair representation of different political parties and groups within the Parliament.

Here is a detailed explanation of why option 'C' is the correct answer:

**a) Members appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister:**
In some countries, the president and the prime minister play a role in the appointment of parliamentary committee members. However, this is not the case in all countries. The appointment process can vary depending on the constitutional provisions and political system of a particular country. Therefore, this option is not universally applicable.

**b) Members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the speaker:**
Similar to the previous option, this method of appointment may be followed in some countries. However, it is not a common practice. The speaker of the Parliament is usually responsible for maintaining order and facilitating the functioning of the legislative body. While the speaker may have some influence in the appointment process, the final decision is typically made by the Parliament itself or its relevant committees.

**c) Members taken from various groups and parties in Parliament in proportion to their respective strength:**
This option is the most widely used approach for appointing parliamentary committee members. In this system, the members are selected from different political parties and groups in Parliament based on their respective strength or representation. The purpose of this approach is to ensure a fair and balanced representation of the diverse political opinions and interests within the legislature.

By including members from various groups and parties, the parliamentary committees can benefit from different perspectives and expertise. This diversity helps in conducting thorough and comprehensive examinations of legislation and government activities. It also promotes transparency, accountability, and democratic decision-making.

In conclusion, option 'C' is the correct answer because it reflects the common practice of appointing parliamentary committee members from various groups and parties in proportion to their respective strength. This approach ensures a fair representation and enables effective legislative scrutiny and oversight.

C