The gaseous air pollutants of primary concern in urban settings include sulfurdioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbonmonoxide; these are emitted directly into the air from fossil fuels such as fuel oil, gasoline, and natural gas that are burned in power plants, automobiles, and other combustion sources that pollute the air

Elements that pollute the air:
• Carbon Monoxide (CO): It is a colorless, odorless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels. It can cause health issues such as headaches, dizziness, and even death in high concentrations.
• Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): This gas is produced by the burning of fossil fuels containing sulfur impurities. It can lead to respiratory problems and acid rain, which can harm plants, animals, and aquatic life.
• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): These are produced by burning fossil fuels at high temperatures. They contribute to the formation of smog, acid rain, and can aggravate respiratory conditions.
• Particulate Matter (PM): These are tiny particles suspended in the air, consisting of dust, dirt, soot, and smoke. They can irritate the respiratory system, leading to health issues such as asthma and bronchitis.
• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): These are emitted by various sources such as vehicles, paints, and solvents. They can react with other pollutants in the air to form ground-level ozone, which can cause respiratory problems.
• Lead (Pb): Although lead emissions have decreased significantly due to regulations, it is still a concern as it can affect the nervous system and lead to developmental issues in children.
• Mercury (Hg): This heavy metal is released into the air through coal combustion and waste incineration. It can accumulate in the environment and food chain, leading to health risks for humans and wildlife.
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): These synthetic compounds were commonly used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. They deplete the ozone layer, allowing harmful UV radiation to reach the Earth's surface.
These pollutants have detrimental effects on human health, ecosystems, and the environment. It is crucial to reduce emissions and adopt sustainable practices to improve air quality and mitigate the impacts of air pollution.