Difference between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha

Introduction:
Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are the two houses of the Indian Parliament. They play a crucial role in the legislative process and the functioning of the government. While both houses are integral to the democratic system, there are several key differences between the two.

Composition:
1. Lok Sabha: Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Parliament and consists of members directly elected by the people of India. The total number of seats in Lok Sabha is 545, with 543 members elected from different constituencies and 2 members nominated by the President from the Anglo-Indian community.

2. Rajya Sabha: Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the Parliament and its members are not directly elected by the people. It consists of 245 members, out of which 233 members are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies and Union territories. The President appoints the remaining 12 members having special knowledge or practical experience in literature, science, art, and social service.

Representation:
1. Lok Sabha: Members of Lok Sabha represent the people and their constituencies. The number of seats allocated to each state is determined by its population, and the representation is based on the principle of proportional representation.

2. Rajya Sabha: Rajya Sabha represents the states and union territories of India. Each state is allocated a certain number of seats, regardless of its population, to ensure equal representation to all states. The members of Rajya Sabha represent the interests of their respective states and are not directly accountable to the people.

Term and Elections:
1. Lok Sabha: The term of Lok Sabha is five years unless dissolved earlier. Elections for Lok Sabha are held periodically, and the entire house is subject to re-election.

2. Rajya Sabha: The members of Rajya Sabha are elected for a term of six years. However, the membership is not subject to simultaneous re-election as it is a continuous body and one-third of its members retire every two years. The elections for Rajya Sabha are conducted as per the schedule determined by the Election Commission.

Function and Powers:
1. Lok Sabha: Lok Sabha has more powers compared to Rajya Sabha. It is responsible for the passage of money bills, and the Prime Minister is appointed from its members. It has the authority to initiate and pass legislation, and it can also remove the Council of Ministers through a vote of no-confidence.

2. Rajya Sabha: Rajya Sabha plays a crucial role in the legislative process. It reviews and suggests amendments to bills initiated by Lok Sabha. It also acts as a representative body to protect the interests of the states and provides a platform for thoughtful discussions on important national issues.

Conclusion:
In summary, while both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are essential components of the Indian parliamentary system, they have distinct compositions, roles, and powers. Lok Sabha represents the people and has more authority in terms of legislation and government formation, while Rajya Sabha represents the states and provides a platform for deliberation and review of proposed laws.

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