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Consider the following statements: (I) The radius of an anion is larger than that of the parent atom. (II) The ionization energy generally increases with increasing atomic number in a period (III) The electronegativity of an element is the tendency of an isolated atom to attract an electron.Which of the above statements is/are correct:
- a)I alone
- b)II alone
- c)I and II
- d)II and III
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Consider the following statements: (I) The radius of an anion is large...
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Consider the following statements: (I) The radius of an anion is large...
Explanation:
I. The radius of an anion is larger than that of the parent atom.
- When an atom gains electrons to form an anion, its effective nuclear charge decreases, causing the outermost electron shell to be farther away from the nucleus. This leads to an increase in the atomic radius. Hence, the statement is correct.
II. The ionization energy generally increases with increasing atomic number in a period.
- The ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in the gaseous state. As the atomic number increases in a period, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, resulting in a higher effective nuclear charge. This makes it harder to remove an electron, leading to an increase in ionization energy. Hence, the statement is correct.
III. The electronegativity of an element is the tendency of an isolated atom to attract an electron.
- Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself when it forms a chemical bond. It is a relative property, and the value of electronegativity depends on the electronegativity of the other atoms in the bond. Hence, the statement is incorrect.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (C) I and II.
I. The radius of an anion is larger than that of the parent atom.
- When an atom gains electrons to form an anion, its effective nuclear charge decreases, causing the outermost electron shell to be farther away from the nucleus. This leads to an increase in the atomic radius. Hence, the statement is correct.
II. The ionization energy generally increases with increasing atomic number in a period.
- The ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion in the gaseous state. As the atomic number increases in a period, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, resulting in a higher effective nuclear charge. This makes it harder to remove an electron, leading to an increase in ionization energy. Hence, the statement is correct.
III. The electronegativity of an element is the tendency of an isolated atom to attract an electron.
- Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself when it forms a chemical bond. It is a relative property, and the value of electronegativity depends on the electronegativity of the other atoms in the bond. Hence, the statement is incorrect.
Therefore, the correct answer is option (C) I and II.
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