Moving down a group, which of the following properties generally dimin...
Electronegativity:
When moving down a group, the electronegativity generally diminishes. Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. It is influenced by factors such as atomic size and effective nuclear charge.
Atomic Radius:
Moving down a group, the atomic radius generally increases. Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell. As we move down a group, additional electron shells are added, leading to an increase in atomic radius. This is because the outermost electrons are further away from the nucleus and are shielded by the inner electron shells, resulting in a larger atomic radius.
Metallic character:
Moving down a group, the metallic character generally increases. Metallic character refers to the ability of an element to exhibit metallic properties such as malleability, ductility, and conductivity. Elements at the top of a group are typically nonmetals, while elements at the bottom are usually metals. This is because as we move down a group, the atomic size increases, leading to a decrease in ionization energy and an increase in metallic character.
Molar mass:
Moving down a group, the molar mass generally increases. Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance and is directly related to the atomic mass of an element. Since atomic mass generally increases as we move down a group, the molar mass of the elements also increases.
Summary:
In summary, when moving down a group, the electronegativity generally diminishes, while the atomic radius, metallic character, and molar mass generally increase. These trends can be explained by changes in the effective nuclear charge, the number of electron shells, and the atomic mass of the elements.
Moving down a group, which of the following properties generally dimin...
Due to the addition of one shell on moving down a group, the neighbourhood of the atom is better shielded by the electrons from an attractive pull of the nucleus.