The tiny pores or openings present under the leaves of the plants is called stomata.

Two functions of stomata:

(i) It helps in breathing of the plants.

(ii) It helps in exchange of gases which takes place inside the plant cells...........:)😊

Stomata: Stomata are small pores present on the surface of leaves, stems, and other organs of higher plants. These pores play an important role in the exchange of gases, water, and other molecules between the plant and the environment.

Functions of stomata:
1. Gas exchange: One of the primary functions of stomata is to facilitate gas exchange between the plant and the environment. During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere through stomata and release oxygen (O2) as a by-product. In addition to CO2, stomata also allow for the exchange of water vapor and other gases such as oxygen and nitrogen.

2. Water regulation: Another important function of stomata is to regulate the water balance of the plant. When the plant needs to conserve water, such as during periods of drought, the stomata close to prevent water loss through transpiration. When the plant has sufficient water, the stomata open to allow for gas exchange and photosynthesis.

How do stomata work?
Stomata consist of two specialized cells called guard cells that surround a pore. The opening and closing of stomata are controlled by changes in the turgor pressure of the guard cells. When the guard cells are turgid, they swell and bend, causing the stomatal pore to open. Conversely, when the guard cells lose turgor pressure, they become flaccid and the pore closes.

The opening and closing of stomata are regulated by a variety of factors, including light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide levels. For example, stomata are more likely to be open during the day when photosynthesis is occurring and when carbon dioxide levels are higher. At night, when there is no photosynthesis and carbon dioxide levels are lower, stomata tend to be closed.

In summary, stomata play a crucial role in the gas exchange and water regulation of plants. By controlling the opening and closing of stomata, plants can regulate their uptake of carbon dioxide, release of oxygen, and water loss through transpiration.