Carbon Monoxide Content in Exhaust Gas during Different Operating Conditions of an Automobile:

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic gas that is produced as a byproduct of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons in the engine of an automobile. The amount of CO in the exhaust gas depends on various operating conditions of the vehicle. Let's discuss each of these conditions and their impact on CO emissions.

1. Idle Running:
When the vehicle is at rest and the engine is running, the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas is maximum. This is because the engine is running at a low speed and the combustion process is not efficient enough to burn all the hydrocarbons completely. As a result, a significant amount of CO is produced, which is emitted through the exhaust system.

2. Acceleration:
During acceleration, the engine requires more fuel to generate power, which may result in an increase in CO emissions. However, the duration of acceleration is short, and the engine operates at a higher speed, which improves the combustion process and reduces CO emissions. Therefore, the impact of acceleration on CO emissions depends on the duration and intensity of acceleration.

3. Cruising:
When the vehicle is cruising at a constant speed, the engine operates at a relatively steady state, which allows for better combustion of fuel and lower CO emissions. However, if the vehicle is cruising at a high speed, the engine may require more fuel, which could increase CO emissions.

4. Deacceleration:
During deacceleration, the engine is running at a low speed, similar to idle running. Therefore, the CO emissions are also high during this condition.

Conclusion:
In summary, the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas is maximum during the idle running of an automobile. This is because the combustion process is not efficient enough to burn all the hydrocarbons completely, resulting in higher CO emissions. Therefore, it is essential to maintain the vehicle properly and ensure that the engine is running efficiently to reduce CO emissions and prevent environmental pollution.