Calculation of s-character in NH3 bond

To find the percentage of s-character in NH3 bond, we need to first calculate the hybridization of nitrogen in NH3 molecule.

- Nitrogen in NH3 molecule has 5 valence electrons (2s2 2p3).
- In NH3 molecule, nitrogen forms 3 covalent bonds with three hydrogen atoms.
- To form these bonds, nitrogen undergoes sp3 hybridization where one s orbital and three p orbitals combine to form four equivalent hybrid orbitals.
- The hybridization of nitrogen in NH3 molecule is sp3, which means that each of the four hybrid orbitals has 25% s-character and 75% p-character.

One of the bonds in NH3 molecule has 22% s-character, which means that it has less than the expected 25% s-character due to the influence of the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen.

Percentage of s-character in NH3 lone pair

The lone pair of electrons on nitrogen in NH3 molecule is located in an unhybridized p orbital, which means that it has 0% s-character and 100% p-character.

- As the lone pair occupies an unhybridized p orbital, it does not contribute to the s-character of any of the hybrid orbitals.
- Therefore, the percentage of s-character in the lone pair of NH3 molecule is 0%.

Percentage of s-character in NH3 bond without lone pair

To find the percentage of s-character in NH3 bond without the influence of the lone pair, we can use the formula:

% s-character = (number of s-orbitals in the hybrid orbital / total number of orbitals in the hybrid orbital) x 100%

- In NH3 molecule, each hybrid orbital has one s orbital and three p orbitals.
- Therefore, the percentage of s-character in NH3 bond without the influence of the lone pair is:

% s-character = (1/4) x 100% = 25%

Percentage of s-character in NH3 bond with lone pair

To find the percentage of s-character in NH3 bond with the influence of the lone pair, we can use the formula:

% s-character = [(% s-character in the hybrid orbital x number of hybrid orbitals) + (% s-character in the unhybridized p orbital x number of lone pairs)] / (number of hybrid orbitals + number of lone pairs)

- In NH3 molecule, there are 3 hybrid orbitals and 1 lone pair of electrons.
- The percentage of s-character in the hybrid orbitals is 25%.
- The percentage of s-character in the lone pair is 0%.
- Therefore, the percentage of s-character in NH3 bond with the influence of the lone pair is:

% s-character = [(25% x 3) + (0% x 1)] / (3 + 1) = 18.75%

Rounding up the answer to the first decimal place gives us 18.8%.

Conclusion

- The percentage of s-character in NH3 bond with the influence of the lone pair is 18.8%.
- The percentage of s-character in NH3 lone pair is 0%.
- The difference between the expected and observed percentage of s-character in NH3 bond is due to the influence of the lone pair on nitrogen.
- The correct answer to the given question is between