DNA fingerprinting means the sequence of bases on DNA unique for a person.

DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling or genetic fingerprinting, is a technique used to identify and analyze the unique sequence of bases on an individual's DNA. It involves the examination of specific regions of DNA that vary among individuals, allowing for the identification of individuals based on their genetic profile.

Understanding DNA fingerprinting:
DNA fingerprinting is based on the fact that the DNA sequence varies among individuals due to genetic variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and short tandem repeats (STRs). These variations occur in specific regions of the genome known as polymorphic regions.

The process of DNA fingerprinting:
1. DNA sample collection: The first step in DNA fingerprinting is to collect a sample of DNA from the individual. This can be done using various sources such as blood, saliva, hair, or tissue samples.

2. DNA extraction: The collected sample is then processed to extract the DNA. This involves breaking open the cells and separating the DNA from other cellular components.

3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): To amplify the DNA, the extracted sample is subjected to PCR. PCR is a technique that selectively amplifies specific regions of the DNA using primers that target the desired DNA sequence.

4. DNA profiling: The amplified DNA is then analyzed using techniques such as gel electrophoresis or capillary electrophoresis. These techniques separate the DNA fragments based on their size and charge, creating a unique pattern of bands, which is known as a DNA fingerprint.

5. Comparison and identification: The DNA fingerprint obtained from the sample is compared with known DNA fingerprints from individuals to determine if there is a match. This can be done using databases of DNA profiles or by comparing the DNA fingerprints directly.

Importance of DNA fingerprinting:
DNA fingerprinting has numerous applications in various fields such as forensic science, paternity testing, and genetic research. It can be used to establish the identity of an individual, determine familial relationships, and provide evidence in criminal investigations.

In conclusion, DNA fingerprinting refers to the unique sequence of bases on an individual's DNA. It is a powerful technique that has revolutionized the field of genetics and has become an essential tool in various applications.