Jhum cultivators are faced many problems are as fallows:-i)- They have to do migration from one to another in search of fields for cultivation.ii)- If their crops are getting damaged they have to manage very losses.

Introduction to Jhum Cultivation
Jhum cultivation, also known as shifting cultivation or slash-and-burn agriculture, is a traditional farming practice prevalent in hilly regions. Despite its deep-rooted cultural significance, jhum cultivators face numerous challenges that threaten their livelihoods.
Challenges Faced by Jhum Cultivators
1. Soil Degradation
- Over time, continuous jhum farming leads to soil erosion and nutrient depletion.
- The cycle of clearing and burning can diminish soil fertility, affecting crop yields.
2. Climate Change
- Unpredictable weather patterns disrupt traditional planting and harvesting schedules.
- Increased frequency of droughts and floods affects crop resilience.
3. Land Tenure Issues
- Many jhum cultivators lack formal land titles, leading to insecurity in land ownership.
- Encroachment and land competition from urbanization further exacerbate these issues.
4. Economic Constraints
- Limited access to credit and financial services restricts investment in improved farming practices.
- Dependence on traditional crops makes them vulnerable to market fluctuations.
5. Education and Awareness
- A lack of knowledge regarding sustainable farming techniques hampers productivity.
- Insufficient access to agricultural extension services limits the adoption of modern practices.
6. Social and Cultural Challenges
- Younger generations are increasingly migrating to urban areas for better opportunities, leading to a decline in traditional practices.
- The loss of cultural identity and knowledge transfer is a significant concern.
Conclusion
Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach that includes sustainable agricultural practices, land rights advocacy, and improved access to resources. Engaging the community in educational initiatives can also empower jhum cultivators to adapt and thrive in changing conditions.