If A and B are two events of sample space S, thena)P(A ∩ ...
The probability of occurrence of event A under the condition that event B has already occurred& P(B)≠0 is called Conditional probability i.e; P(A|B)=P(A ∩ B)/P(B). Multiply with P(B) on both sides implies P(A ∩ B)=P(B).P(A|B). So option 'A' is correct.
If A and B are two events of sample space S, thena)P(A ∩ ...
Explanation:
In probability theory, the probability of two events A and B occurring together is denoted as P(A ∩ B) or P(A ∪ B), depending on whether we are considering the intersection or union of the events.
In this question, we are given two events A and B from a sample space S. We need to determine the correct relationship between P(A ∩ B) and the conditional probability P(A/B).
Conditional Probability:
Conditional probability is the probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred. It is denoted as P(A/B), which is read as "the probability of A given B". The conditional probability of A given B is calculated as the ratio of the probability of A and B occurring together (P(A ∩ B)) to the probability of B occurring (P(B)).
Answer:
The correct answer to this question is option 'A'.
Explanation:
P(A ∩ B) = P(B)P(A/B); P(B) ≠ 0
Reasoning:
To understand why option 'A' is correct, let's break down the equation P(A ∩ B) = P(B)P(A/B) and analyze each part:
1. P(A ∩ B): This represents the probability of events A and B occurring together, i.e., the intersection of A and B.
2. P(B): This represents the probability of event B occurring.
3. P(A/B): This represents the conditional probability of event A given that event B has already occurred.
Explanation of the equation:
The equation P(A ∩ B) = P(B)P(A/B) states that the probability of events A and B occurring together is equal to the product of the probability of event B occurring and the conditional probability of event A given that event B has occurred.
This equation is derived from the definition of conditional probability. When we calculate the conditional probability P(A/B), we divide the probability of A and B occurring together (P(A ∩ B)) by the probability of event B occurring (P(B)). Therefore, the equation P(A ∩ B) = P(B)P(A/B) holds true.
Conclusion:
The correct relationship between P(A ∩ B) and P(A/B) is given by option 'A' - P(A ∩ B) = P(B)P(A/B); P(B) ≠ 0. This equation represents the fundamental relationship between the intersection of two events and the conditional probability.