The main factors determining population distribution are : climate, landforms, topography, soil, energy and mineral resources, accessibility like distance from sea coast, natural harbours, navigable rivers or canals, cultural factors, political boundaries, controls on migration and trade, government policies.

Distribution refers to the spatial arrangement and spread of population across a given area. It involves the study of population density, pattern, and the factors influencing the concentration or dispersion of people within a region. There are several factors that affect the distribution of population, including:

1. Physical Factors:
Physical factors play a significant role in determining the distribution of population. These factors include:

- Topography: The physical features of an area, such as mountains, hills, and valleys, can influence the distribution of population. Steep and rugged terrains often have lower population densities due to limited arable land and difficult living conditions.
- Climate: Climate conditions, such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity, can impact population distribution. Extreme climates like deserts or polar regions tend to have sparse populations, while moderate climates with adequate rainfall and temperature attract more settlement.
- Natural Resources: Availability of natural resources like fertile soil, water bodies, minerals, and forests influence population distribution. Areas with abundant resources tend to attract human settlements due to the opportunities they offer for livelihood and economic activities.

2. Economic Factors:
Economic factors also play a crucial role in population distribution. These factors include:

- Employment Opportunities: Regions with better economic prospects and job opportunities tend to have higher population densities. Urban areas, industrial centers, and agricultural regions with productive land often attract more people.
- Economic Development: Developed regions with advanced infrastructure, better healthcare, education, and other amenities tend to have higher population concentrations compared to underdeveloped areas.
- Transportation and Communication: Accessibility and connectivity through transportation networks like roads, railways, and airports, as well as availability of communication infrastructure, influence population distribution. Areas with better connectivity attract more people as they facilitate trade, commerce, and social interactions.

3. Social Factors:
Social factors also contribute to population distribution. These factors include:

- Cultural and Religious Factors: People often settle in areas where they have cultural or religious affiliations. Proximity to religious sites, cultural centers, or ethnic communities can influence population distribution.
- Migration and Immigration: Patterns of migration and immigration can significantly impact population distribution. People tend to move to areas with better economic prospects, political stability, or social networks, leading to population concentration in specific regions.
- Government Policies: Government policies regarding land use, urban planning, housing, and development can influence population distribution. Incentives provided for settlement in particular regions or restrictions on settlement in others can shape population patterns.

4. Political Factors:
Political factors also affect population distribution. These factors include:

- Administrative Divisions: Political boundaries and administrative divisions can influence population distribution. People tend to settle within the boundaries of their respective political jurisdictions.
- Conflict and Security: Areas affected by conflicts, wars, or security issues often experience population displacement or concentration in specific regions. Political instability can lead to uneven population distribution.

In conclusion, the distribution of population is influenced by a combination of physical, economic, social, and political factors. Understanding these factors is crucial for studying population patterns, planning for sustainable development, and addressing issues related to population concentration or dispersion.

Population distribution means the pattern of where people live. ... Places which are sparsely populated contain few people. Places which are densely populated contain many people. Sparsely populated places tend to be difficult places to live.

The main factors determining population distribution are : climate, landforms,topography, soil, energy and mineral resources, accessibility like distance from sea coast, natural harbours, navigable rivers or canals, cultural factors, political boundaries, controls on migration and trade, government policies, types of ...