Answer: Amoeba takes in food using temporary finger-like extensions of the cell surface which fuse over the food particle forming a food-vacuole as shown in figure. Inside the food vacuole, complex substances are broken down into simpler ones which then diffuse into the cytoplasm.

Answer: Amoeba takes in food using temporary finger-like extensions of the cell surface which fuse over the food particle forming a food-vacuole as shown in figure. Inside the food vacuole, complex substances are broken down into simpler ones which then diffuse into the cytoplasm.

How does amoeba take food?

Amoeba, a single-celled organism, obtains its food through a process called phagocytosis. This mechanism allows amoeba to capture and consume its prey, mainly consisting of bacteria, algae, and microscopic organic matter.

Process of phagocytosis:

1. Extension of pseudopodia: Amoeba has an elastic cell membrane that can extend pseudopodia (false feet) in any direction. These pseudopodia play a crucial role in the capture of food.

2. Locating the prey: Amoeba uses its sensitivity to chemicals and light to detect the presence of food nearby. It moves towards the direction of the prey using its pseudopodia.

3. Enclosing the food: Once the amoeba reaches the prey, it surrounds it with its pseudopodia, gradually enclosing the food particle within a portion of its cytoplasm. This creates a temporary structure called a food vacuole.

4. Fusion of food vacuole: The pseudopodia continue to extend and fuse together, completely enclosing the food particle within the food vacuole. The food vacuole is now sealed off from the rest of the cytoplasm.

5. Digestion: Within the food vacuole, the prey is subjected to the action of digestive enzymes secreted by the amoeba. These enzymes break down the food particle into simpler molecules, such as sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids.

6. Absorption of nutrients: The digested nutrients are then absorbed by the cytoplasm of the amoeba from the food vacuole. This absorption occurs through the process of diffusion and active transport.

7. Expulsion of undigested waste: After the absorption of nutrients, the undigested waste material is expelled from the amoeba's body through a process called exocytosis. The food vacuole fuses with the cell membrane, releasing the waste outside the cell.

Conclusion:

Amoeba obtains its food through the process of phagocytosis, utilizing its pseudopodia to capture and enclose the prey within a food vacuole. Digestion occurs within the food vacuole, and nutrients are absorbed into the amoeba's cytoplasm. Undigested waste is later expelled through exocytosis. This unique feeding mechanism allows amoeba to sustain its energy and carry out its life processes effectively.