एनसीईआरटी पाठ्यपुस्तक: अंतर्राष्ट्रीय व्यापार | Must Read Old & New NCERTs for UPSC CSE (Hindi) PDF Download

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vki varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fofHkUu igyqvksa osQ ckjs esa igys
gh ^ekuo Hkwxksy osQ ewy fl¼kar* uked iqLRkd esa i<+ pqosQ
gSaA varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj lHkh ns'kksa osQ fy, ijLij ykHknk;d
gSa] pw¡fd dksbZ Hkh ns'k vkRefuHkZj ugha gSA gky gh osQ o"kks±
esa Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj us ek=kk] la?kVu osQ lkFk&lkFk
O;kikj dh fn'kk osQ lacaèk esa vkewy ifjorZuksa dk vuqHko
fd;k gSA ;|fi] fo'o O;kikj eas Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh oqQYk
ek=kk dk osQoy ,d izfr'kr gS rFkkfi] fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk
eas bldh ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
vkb,] Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ cnyrs izk:i
(Pattern) dh iM+rky djsaA o"kZ 1950&51 esa] Hkkjr dk
oSnsf'kd O;kikj dk ewY; 1]214 djksM+ #i, Fkk] tks fd Ok"kZ
2004&05 eas c<+dj 8]37]133 djksM+ #i, gks x;kA D;k
vki 1950&51 osQ eqdkcys 2004&05 dh izfr'kr o`f¼ dk
ifjdyu dj ldrs gSa\ fons'kh O;kikj esa bl rhoz o`f¼ osQ
vusd dkj.k gSa tSls fd fofuekZ.k osQ {ks=k esa laosxh
(xfr'khy) mBku] ljdkj dh mnkj uhfr;k¡ rFkk ck”kkjksa dh
fofoèk:irk vkfnA
le; osQ lkFk Hkkjr osQ fons'kh O;kikj dh izo`Qfr eas
cnyko vk;k gS (rkfydk 11-1)A ;|fi] ;gk¡ ij vk;kr
,oa fu;kZr nksukas dh gh ek=kk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gS] ijarq fu;kZr dh
rqyuk eas vk;kr dk ewY; vfèkd gSA fiNys oqQNsd o"kks± esaa
O;kikj ?kkVs esa Hkh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ?kkVs esa gqbZ bl o`f¼ osQ fy,
vifj"o`Qr (ozwQM) isVªksfy;e dks mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;k tk ldrk
gS] tks Hkkjr dh vk;kr lwph esa ,d izeq[k ?kVd gSA
Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr&la?kVu osQ cnyrs izk:i
lzksr % lkaf[;dh; lkjka'k] 2005
bdkbZ     IV
vè;k; 11
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
fp=k 11-1
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vki varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fofHkUu igyqvksa osQ ckjs esa igys
gh ^ekuo Hkwxksy osQ ewy fl¼kar* uked iqLRkd esa i<+ pqosQ
gSaA varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj lHkh ns'kksa osQ fy, ijLij ykHknk;d
gSa] pw¡fd dksbZ Hkh ns'k vkRefuHkZj ugha gSA gky gh osQ o"kks±
esa Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj us ek=kk] la?kVu osQ lkFk&lkFk
O;kikj dh fn'kk osQ lacaèk esa vkewy ifjorZuksa dk vuqHko
fd;k gSA ;|fi] fo'o O;kikj eas Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh oqQYk
ek=kk dk osQoy ,d izfr'kr gS rFkkfi] fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk
eas bldh ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
vkb,] Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ cnyrs izk:i
(Pattern) dh iM+rky djsaA o"kZ 1950&51 esa] Hkkjr dk
oSnsf'kd O;kikj dk ewY; 1]214 djksM+ #i, Fkk] tks fd Ok"kZ
2004&05 eas c<+dj 8]37]133 djksM+ #i, gks x;kA D;k
vki 1950&51 osQ eqdkcys 2004&05 dh izfr'kr o`f¼ dk
ifjdyu dj ldrs gSa\ fons'kh O;kikj esa bl rhoz o`f¼ osQ
vusd dkj.k gSa tSls fd fofuekZ.k osQ {ks=k esa laosxh
(xfr'khy) mBku] ljdkj dh mnkj uhfr;k¡ rFkk ck”kkjksa dh
fofoèk:irk vkfnA
le; osQ lkFk Hkkjr osQ fons'kh O;kikj dh izo`Qfr eas
cnyko vk;k gS (rkfydk 11-1)A ;|fi] ;gk¡ ij vk;kr
,oa fu;kZr nksukas dh gh ek=kk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gS] ijarq fu;kZr dh
rqyuk eas vk;kr dk ewY; vfèkd gSA fiNys oqQNsd o"kks± esaa
O;kikj ?kkVs esa Hkh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ?kkVs esa gqbZ bl o`f¼ osQ fy,
vifj"o`Qr (ozwQM) isVªksfy;e dks mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;k tk ldrk
gS] tks Hkkjr dh vk;kr lwph esa ,d izeq[k ?kVd gSA
Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr&la?kVu osQ cnyrs izk:i
lzksr % lkaf[;dh; lkjka'k] 2005
bdkbZ     IV
vè;k; 11
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
fp=k 11-1
126 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
rkfydk 11-2 osQ vk¡dM+ksa dk vè;;u dhft, vkSj fuEufyf[kr
iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft, :
D;k dkj.k gS fd o"kZ 1997&98 osQ ckn ls yxkrkj o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ
mRiknksa osQ fu;kZr esa fxjkoV vkbZ gS\
o"kZ 1999&2000 esa Å¡pkbZ ij igq¡pus osQ i'pkr~ fofufeZr lkekuksa
osQ fu;kZr eas fxjkoV D;kas 'kq: gks xbZ\
,d naM vkjs[k cukdj lkj.kh eas nh xbZ lHkh enksa osQ fu;kZr dh
izo`fÙk dks n'kkZ,¡A blosQ fy, fHkUu&fHkUu jaxksa osQ isu ;k isaflysa
bLrseky djsaA
elkys] pk; o nkyksa vkfn tSlh ijaijkxr oLrqvksa osQ fu;kZr esa
fxjkoV vkbZ gSA gkyk¡fd iq"io`Qf"k mRiknksa rkt+s iQyksa] leqnzh
mRiknksa rFkk phuh vkfn osQ fu;kZr esa o`f¼ ntZ dh xbZ gSA
o"kZ 2003&04 osQ nkSjku fofuekZ.k {ks=k us Hkkjr osQ oqQYk
fu;kZr ewY; esa vosQys 75-96 izfr'kr dh Hkkxhnkjh vafdr
dh gSA fu;kZr lwph esa bathfu;fjax lkekuksa us egÙoiw.kZ o`f¼
n'kkZbZ gSA oL=kks|ksx {ks=k ljdkj }kjk mnkjrkiw.kZ mik; mBk,
tkus osQ ckotwn i;kZIRk miyfCèk ugha izkIr dj ik;kA bl {ks=k
eas phu rFkk vU; iwOkZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'k gekjs izeq[k izfrLièkhZ gSSaA
Hkkjr osQ fons'k O;kikj eas ef.k&jRuksa rFkk vkHkw"k.kksa dh ,d
O;kid fgLlsnkjh gSA
o"kZ fu;kZr vk;kr oqQy O;kikj O;kikj ?kkVk
1994-95 826,740 899,710 1,72,6450 -72,970
2000-01 2,03,5710 2,30,8730 4,34,4440 -273,020
2004-05(v) 3,56,0690 4,81,0640 8,37,1330 -1,24,9950
rkfydk 11-1 % Hkkjr dk fons'k O;kikj
(#- djksM+ esa)
(v) % varfje
lzksr % lkaf[;dh; lkjka'k] 2005
oLrq,¡@eky 1997-98 1999-2000 2000-01 2003-04
o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ mRikn 18.93 15.27 13.55 11.8
v;Ld ,oa [kfut 3.03 2.5 2.62 3.71
fofufeZr oLrq,¡ 75.83 80.93 77.9 75.96
isVªksfy;e o vifj"o`Qr mRikn 1.01 0.08 4.29 5.59
vU; oLrq,¡ 1.2 1.22 1.64 2.94
rkfydk 11-2 % Hkkjr dk fu;kZr la?kVu] 1997&2004
(fu;kZr esa izfr'kr va'k)
lzksr % fons'kh O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku&larqyu] lsaVj iQkWj ekWuhVfjax bafM;u bdksukseh
tSlkfd igys gh crk;k tk pqdk gS fd Hkkjr osQ
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj eas oLRkqvksa osQ la?kVdksa eas le; osQ lkFk
cnyko vk, gSaA blesa o`Qf"k rFkk leoxhZ mRiknksa dk fgLlk
?kVk gS] tcfd isVªksfy;e rFkk vifj"o`Qr mRiknksa ,oa vU;
oLrqvksa esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA v;Ld [kfutksa rFkk fufeZr lkekuksa
dk fgLlk Ok"kZ 1997&98 ls 2003&04 rd O;kid rkSj ij
yxkrkj fLFkj&lk jgk gSA isVªksfy;e mRiknksa osQ fgLls eas
o`f¼ dk dkj.k isVªksfy;e osQ ewY;ksa esa o`f¼ osQ lkFk&lkFk
Hkkjr esa rsy'kksèku {kerk eas o`f¼ Hkh f”kEesnkj gSA
ijaijkxr oLrqvksa osQ O;kikj esa fxjkoV dk dkj.k eq[;r%
dM+h varjkZ"Vªh; izfrLièkkZ gSA o`Qf"k mRiknksa osQ varxZr dkWI
+
kQh]
rkfydk 11-3 dk vè;;u djrs gq, ,slh 8 izeq[k oLrq,¡ pqusa] ftUgsa
o"kZ 2004&05 esa fu;kZfrr fd;k x;k gksA naM vkjs[k cukdj mu
oLrqvksa osQ chp fofoèkrk dks le>us gsrq rqyuk djsaA
Hkkjr osQ vk;kr&la?kVu osQ cnyrs izk:i
Hkkjr us 1950 ,oa 1960 osQ n'kd esa [kk|kUuksa dh xaHkhj deh
dk vuqHko fd;k gSA ml le; vk;kr dh izeq[k OkLRkq,¡
[kk|kUu] iw¡thxr eky] e'khujh ,oa miLdj vkfn FksA ml
le; Hkqxrku larqyu fcYoqQYk foijhr Fkk_ pw¡fd vk;kr
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vki varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fofHkUu igyqvksa osQ ckjs esa igys
gh ^ekuo Hkwxksy osQ ewy fl¼kar* uked iqLRkd esa i<+ pqosQ
gSaA varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj lHkh ns'kksa osQ fy, ijLij ykHknk;d
gSa] pw¡fd dksbZ Hkh ns'k vkRefuHkZj ugha gSA gky gh osQ o"kks±
esa Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj us ek=kk] la?kVu osQ lkFk&lkFk
O;kikj dh fn'kk osQ lacaèk esa vkewy ifjorZuksa dk vuqHko
fd;k gSA ;|fi] fo'o O;kikj eas Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh oqQYk
ek=kk dk osQoy ,d izfr'kr gS rFkkfi] fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk
eas bldh ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
vkb,] Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ cnyrs izk:i
(Pattern) dh iM+rky djsaA o"kZ 1950&51 esa] Hkkjr dk
oSnsf'kd O;kikj dk ewY; 1]214 djksM+ #i, Fkk] tks fd Ok"kZ
2004&05 eas c<+dj 8]37]133 djksM+ #i, gks x;kA D;k
vki 1950&51 osQ eqdkcys 2004&05 dh izfr'kr o`f¼ dk
ifjdyu dj ldrs gSa\ fons'kh O;kikj esa bl rhoz o`f¼ osQ
vusd dkj.k gSa tSls fd fofuekZ.k osQ {ks=k esa laosxh
(xfr'khy) mBku] ljdkj dh mnkj uhfr;k¡ rFkk ck”kkjksa dh
fofoèk:irk vkfnA
le; osQ lkFk Hkkjr osQ fons'kh O;kikj dh izo`Qfr eas
cnyko vk;k gS (rkfydk 11-1)A ;|fi] ;gk¡ ij vk;kr
,oa fu;kZr nksukas dh gh ek=kk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gS] ijarq fu;kZr dh
rqyuk eas vk;kr dk ewY; vfèkd gSA fiNys oqQNsd o"kks± esaa
O;kikj ?kkVs esa Hkh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ?kkVs esa gqbZ bl o`f¼ osQ fy,
vifj"o`Qr (ozwQM) isVªksfy;e dks mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;k tk ldrk
gS] tks Hkkjr dh vk;kr lwph esa ,d izeq[k ?kVd gSA
Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr&la?kVu osQ cnyrs izk:i
lzksr % lkaf[;dh; lkjka'k] 2005
bdkbZ     IV
vè;k; 11
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
fp=k 11-1
126 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
rkfydk 11-2 osQ vk¡dM+ksa dk vè;;u dhft, vkSj fuEufyf[kr
iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft, :
D;k dkj.k gS fd o"kZ 1997&98 osQ ckn ls yxkrkj o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ
mRiknksa osQ fu;kZr esa fxjkoV vkbZ gS\
o"kZ 1999&2000 esa Å¡pkbZ ij igq¡pus osQ i'pkr~ fofufeZr lkekuksa
osQ fu;kZr eas fxjkoV D;kas 'kq: gks xbZ\
,d naM vkjs[k cukdj lkj.kh eas nh xbZ lHkh enksa osQ fu;kZr dh
izo`fÙk dks n'kkZ,¡A blosQ fy, fHkUu&fHkUu jaxksa osQ isu ;k isaflysa
bLrseky djsaA
elkys] pk; o nkyksa vkfn tSlh ijaijkxr oLrqvksa osQ fu;kZr esa
fxjkoV vkbZ gSA gkyk¡fd iq"io`Qf"k mRiknksa rkt+s iQyksa] leqnzh
mRiknksa rFkk phuh vkfn osQ fu;kZr esa o`f¼ ntZ dh xbZ gSA
o"kZ 2003&04 osQ nkSjku fofuekZ.k {ks=k us Hkkjr osQ oqQYk
fu;kZr ewY; esa vosQys 75-96 izfr'kr dh Hkkxhnkjh vafdr
dh gSA fu;kZr lwph esa bathfu;fjax lkekuksa us egÙoiw.kZ o`f¼
n'kkZbZ gSA oL=kks|ksx {ks=k ljdkj }kjk mnkjrkiw.kZ mik; mBk,
tkus osQ ckotwn i;kZIRk miyfCèk ugha izkIr dj ik;kA bl {ks=k
eas phu rFkk vU; iwOkZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'k gekjs izeq[k izfrLièkhZ gSSaA
Hkkjr osQ fons'k O;kikj eas ef.k&jRuksa rFkk vkHkw"k.kksa dh ,d
O;kid fgLlsnkjh gSA
o"kZ fu;kZr vk;kr oqQy O;kikj O;kikj ?kkVk
1994-95 826,740 899,710 1,72,6450 -72,970
2000-01 2,03,5710 2,30,8730 4,34,4440 -273,020
2004-05(v) 3,56,0690 4,81,0640 8,37,1330 -1,24,9950
rkfydk 11-1 % Hkkjr dk fons'k O;kikj
(#- djksM+ esa)
(v) % varfje
lzksr % lkaf[;dh; lkjka'k] 2005
oLrq,¡@eky 1997-98 1999-2000 2000-01 2003-04
o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ mRikn 18.93 15.27 13.55 11.8
v;Ld ,oa [kfut 3.03 2.5 2.62 3.71
fofufeZr oLrq,¡ 75.83 80.93 77.9 75.96
isVªksfy;e o vifj"o`Qr mRikn 1.01 0.08 4.29 5.59
vU; oLrq,¡ 1.2 1.22 1.64 2.94
rkfydk 11-2 % Hkkjr dk fu;kZr la?kVu] 1997&2004
(fu;kZr esa izfr'kr va'k)
lzksr % fons'kh O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku&larqyu] lsaVj iQkWj ekWuhVfjax bafM;u bdksukseh
tSlkfd igys gh crk;k tk pqdk gS fd Hkkjr osQ
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj eas oLRkqvksa osQ la?kVdksa eas le; osQ lkFk
cnyko vk, gSaA blesa o`Qf"k rFkk leoxhZ mRiknksa dk fgLlk
?kVk gS] tcfd isVªksfy;e rFkk vifj"o`Qr mRiknksa ,oa vU;
oLrqvksa esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA v;Ld [kfutksa rFkk fufeZr lkekuksa
dk fgLlk Ok"kZ 1997&98 ls 2003&04 rd O;kid rkSj ij
yxkrkj fLFkj&lk jgk gSA isVªksfy;e mRiknksa osQ fgLls eas
o`f¼ dk dkj.k isVªksfy;e osQ ewY;ksa esa o`f¼ osQ lkFk&lkFk
Hkkjr esa rsy'kksèku {kerk eas o`f¼ Hkh f”kEesnkj gSA
ijaijkxr oLrqvksa osQ O;kikj esa fxjkoV dk dkj.k eq[;r%
dM+h varjkZ"Vªh; izfrLièkkZ gSA o`Qf"k mRiknksa osQ varxZr dkWI
+
kQh]
rkfydk 11-3 dk vè;;u djrs gq, ,slh 8 izeq[k oLrq,¡ pqusa] ftUgsa
o"kZ 2004&05 esa fu;kZfrr fd;k x;k gksA naM vkjs[k cukdj mu
oLrqvksa osQ chp fofoèkrk dks le>us gsrq rqyuk djsaA
Hkkjr osQ vk;kr&la?kVu osQ cnyrs izk:i
Hkkjr us 1950 ,oa 1960 osQ n'kd esa [kk|kUuksa dh xaHkhj deh
dk vuqHko fd;k gSA ml le; vk;kr dh izeq[k OkLRkq,¡
[kk|kUu] iw¡thxr eky] e'khujh ,oa miLdj vkfn FksA ml
le; Hkqxrku larqyu fcYoqQYk foijhr Fkk_ pw¡fd vk;kr
     127 varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
izfrLFkkiu osQ lHkh iz;klksa osQ ckotwn vk;kr fu;kZrksa ls vfèkd
FksA 1970 osQ n'kd osQ ckn gfjr ozQkafr esa liQyrk feyus ij
[kk|kUuksa dk vk;kr jksd fn;k x;kA ysfdu 1973 esa vk, ÅtkZ
ladV ls isVªksfy;e (inkFkks±) osQ ewY; esa mNky vk;k iQyr%
vk;kr ctV Hkh c<+ x;kA [kk|kUuksa osQ vk;kr dh txg
moZjdksa ,oa isVªksfy;e us ys yhA e'khu ,oa miLdj] fo'ks"k
LVhy] [kk| rsy rFkk jlk;u eq[; :i ls vk;kr O;kikj dh
jpuk djrs gSaA rkfydk 11-4 esa vk;kr osQ cnyrs izk:i dk
ijh{k.k djsa rFkk mlesa gq, ifjorZu dks le>us dk iz;kl djsaA
rkfydk 11-4 ;g n'kkZrh gS fd issVªksfy;e rFkk blosQ
mRiknksa osQ vk;kr eas rhoz o`f¼ gqbZ gSA bls u osQoy baZèku osQ
:i esa iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS cfYd bldk iz;ksx m|ksxksa esa ,d
dPps eky osQ :i esa Hkh gksrk gSA blls c<+rs gq, vkS|ksxhdj.k
vkSj csgrj thou Lrj dk laosQr feyrk gSA varjkZ"Vªh; ck”kkjksa
mi;ksxh oLrq,¡ 1997-98 2000-01 2003-04
isVªksfy;e vifj"o`Qr rFkk vU; mRikn 19.68 31.32 26.32
iw¡thxr lkeku 19.18 11.48 13.99
jlk;u rFkk lacaf/r mRikn 11.33 7.71 7.99
oL=k] /kxs rFkk diM+s 0.99 1.19 1.61
[kk| rFkk lacaf/r oLrq,¡ 4.04 3.37 4.36
eksrh rFkk vYi ewY; jRu 8.06 9.62 9.12
lksuk vkSj pk¡nh 7.64 9.28 8.77
vU; 29.08 25.53 27.84
rkfydk 11-4 % Hkkjr dk vk;kr la?kVu] 1997 ls 2004
lzksr % fons'k O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku larqyu] lsaVj iQkWj ekWuhVfjax bafM;u bdksukseh
oLrq,¡   2004&05   00 #- esa
o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ mRikn 27,111
v;Ld ,oa [kfut 18,842
peM+k ,oa fofuekZ.kd 10,286
ef.k&jRu ,oa vkHkw"k.k 61,581
jlk;u o lacaf/r mRikn 56,961
bathfu;fjax lkeku 65,543
bysDVªksfud lkeku 8,106
oL=kkfn 53,996
gLrf'kYi 1,543
xyhpk@dkyhu 2,679
isVªksfy;e mRikn 30,518
rkfydk 11-3 % izeq[k mi;ksxh oLrqvksa dk fu;kZr
lzksr % bafM;k (Hkkjr)] 2006 Hkkjr ljdkj osQ lwpuk ,oa
izlkj.k ea=kky; osQ izdk'ku foHkkx }kjk izdkf'kr
esa Hkh bldh oQnkpfud ewY;o`f¼ Hkh ,d vU; dkj.k jgh
gSA fu;kZrkfHkeq[k m|ksxksa ,oa ?kjsyw {ks=k dh c<+rh gqbZ ek¡x osQ
dkj.k iw¡thxr oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr eas ,d fLFkj o`f¼ gksrh jgh
gSA xSj&oS|qfrd e'khujh ifjogu miLdj] èkkrqvksa osQ fofufeZfr;k¡
rFkk e'khuh vkS”kkj vkfn iw¡thxr oLrqvksa dh eq[; ensa gksrh
FkhaA [kk| rsyksa osQ v;kr eas vkbZ fxjkoV osQ lkFk [kk| rFkk
leoxhZ mRiknksa osQ vk;kr esa deh vkbZ gSA Hkkjr osQ vk;kr
easa vU; izeq[k oLrqvksa eas eksrh rFkk mijRuksa] Lo.kZ ,oa pk¡nh]
èkkrqe; v;Ld rFkk èkkrq Nhtu] vykSg èkkrq,¡ rFkk bysDVªkWfud
oLrq,¡ vkfn vkrs gSaA Ok"kZ 2004&05 osQ Hkkjr dh izeq[k
oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr osQ fooj.k rkfydk 11-5 eas fn, x, gSaµ
rkfydk 11-5 osQ vk¡dM+ksa osQ vkèkkj ij oqQN
fØ;kdyki fd, tk ldrs gSa %
vkjksgh Øe esa vFkok vojksgh Øe esas lHkh
oLrqvksa dks Øec¼ <ax ls O;ofLFkr djsa vkSj
Hkkjr osQ 2004&05 dh vk;kr lwph dh izeq[k
ik¡p oLrqqvksa dk uke fy[ksaA
Hkkjr ,d o`Qf"k dh n`f"V ls le`¼ ns'k gksrs gq,
Hkh [kk| rsyksa ,oa nkyksa dk vk;kr D;ksa djrk gS\
ik¡p lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ oLrqvksa dks RkFkk ik¡p
lcls de egÙoiw.kZ oLrqvksa dks pqudj mUgsa
naM&vkjs[k }kjk n'kkZ,¡A
D;k vki vk;kr lwph esa oqQN ,sls enksa dks
igpku ldrs gSa ftuosQ fodYi Hkkjr esa fodflr
fd, tk ldrs gSaA
(izfr'kr esa)
Page 4


vki varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fofHkUu igyqvksa osQ ckjs esa igys
gh ^ekuo Hkwxksy osQ ewy fl¼kar* uked iqLRkd esa i<+ pqosQ
gSaA varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj lHkh ns'kksa osQ fy, ijLij ykHknk;d
gSa] pw¡fd dksbZ Hkh ns'k vkRefuHkZj ugha gSA gky gh osQ o"kks±
esa Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj us ek=kk] la?kVu osQ lkFk&lkFk
O;kikj dh fn'kk osQ lacaèk esa vkewy ifjorZuksa dk vuqHko
fd;k gSA ;|fi] fo'o O;kikj eas Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh oqQYk
ek=kk dk osQoy ,d izfr'kr gS rFkkfi] fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk
eas bldh ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
vkb,] Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ cnyrs izk:i
(Pattern) dh iM+rky djsaA o"kZ 1950&51 esa] Hkkjr dk
oSnsf'kd O;kikj dk ewY; 1]214 djksM+ #i, Fkk] tks fd Ok"kZ
2004&05 eas c<+dj 8]37]133 djksM+ #i, gks x;kA D;k
vki 1950&51 osQ eqdkcys 2004&05 dh izfr'kr o`f¼ dk
ifjdyu dj ldrs gSa\ fons'kh O;kikj esa bl rhoz o`f¼ osQ
vusd dkj.k gSa tSls fd fofuekZ.k osQ {ks=k esa laosxh
(xfr'khy) mBku] ljdkj dh mnkj uhfr;k¡ rFkk ck”kkjksa dh
fofoèk:irk vkfnA
le; osQ lkFk Hkkjr osQ fons'kh O;kikj dh izo`Qfr eas
cnyko vk;k gS (rkfydk 11-1)A ;|fi] ;gk¡ ij vk;kr
,oa fu;kZr nksukas dh gh ek=kk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gS] ijarq fu;kZr dh
rqyuk eas vk;kr dk ewY; vfèkd gSA fiNys oqQNsd o"kks± esaa
O;kikj ?kkVs esa Hkh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ?kkVs esa gqbZ bl o`f¼ osQ fy,
vifj"o`Qr (ozwQM) isVªksfy;e dks mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;k tk ldrk
gS] tks Hkkjr dh vk;kr lwph esa ,d izeq[k ?kVd gSA
Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr&la?kVu osQ cnyrs izk:i
lzksr % lkaf[;dh; lkjka'k] 2005
bdkbZ     IV
vè;k; 11
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
fp=k 11-1
126 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
rkfydk 11-2 osQ vk¡dM+ksa dk vè;;u dhft, vkSj fuEufyf[kr
iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft, :
D;k dkj.k gS fd o"kZ 1997&98 osQ ckn ls yxkrkj o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ
mRiknksa osQ fu;kZr esa fxjkoV vkbZ gS\
o"kZ 1999&2000 esa Å¡pkbZ ij igq¡pus osQ i'pkr~ fofufeZr lkekuksa
osQ fu;kZr eas fxjkoV D;kas 'kq: gks xbZ\
,d naM vkjs[k cukdj lkj.kh eas nh xbZ lHkh enksa osQ fu;kZr dh
izo`fÙk dks n'kkZ,¡A blosQ fy, fHkUu&fHkUu jaxksa osQ isu ;k isaflysa
bLrseky djsaA
elkys] pk; o nkyksa vkfn tSlh ijaijkxr oLrqvksa osQ fu;kZr esa
fxjkoV vkbZ gSA gkyk¡fd iq"io`Qf"k mRiknksa rkt+s iQyksa] leqnzh
mRiknksa rFkk phuh vkfn osQ fu;kZr esa o`f¼ ntZ dh xbZ gSA
o"kZ 2003&04 osQ nkSjku fofuekZ.k {ks=k us Hkkjr osQ oqQYk
fu;kZr ewY; esa vosQys 75-96 izfr'kr dh Hkkxhnkjh vafdr
dh gSA fu;kZr lwph esa bathfu;fjax lkekuksa us egÙoiw.kZ o`f¼
n'kkZbZ gSA oL=kks|ksx {ks=k ljdkj }kjk mnkjrkiw.kZ mik; mBk,
tkus osQ ckotwn i;kZIRk miyfCèk ugha izkIr dj ik;kA bl {ks=k
eas phu rFkk vU; iwOkZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'k gekjs izeq[k izfrLièkhZ gSSaA
Hkkjr osQ fons'k O;kikj eas ef.k&jRuksa rFkk vkHkw"k.kksa dh ,d
O;kid fgLlsnkjh gSA
o"kZ fu;kZr vk;kr oqQy O;kikj O;kikj ?kkVk
1994-95 826,740 899,710 1,72,6450 -72,970
2000-01 2,03,5710 2,30,8730 4,34,4440 -273,020
2004-05(v) 3,56,0690 4,81,0640 8,37,1330 -1,24,9950
rkfydk 11-1 % Hkkjr dk fons'k O;kikj
(#- djksM+ esa)
(v) % varfje
lzksr % lkaf[;dh; lkjka'k] 2005
oLrq,¡@eky 1997-98 1999-2000 2000-01 2003-04
o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ mRikn 18.93 15.27 13.55 11.8
v;Ld ,oa [kfut 3.03 2.5 2.62 3.71
fofufeZr oLrq,¡ 75.83 80.93 77.9 75.96
isVªksfy;e o vifj"o`Qr mRikn 1.01 0.08 4.29 5.59
vU; oLrq,¡ 1.2 1.22 1.64 2.94
rkfydk 11-2 % Hkkjr dk fu;kZr la?kVu] 1997&2004
(fu;kZr esa izfr'kr va'k)
lzksr % fons'kh O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku&larqyu] lsaVj iQkWj ekWuhVfjax bafM;u bdksukseh
tSlkfd igys gh crk;k tk pqdk gS fd Hkkjr osQ
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj eas oLRkqvksa osQ la?kVdksa eas le; osQ lkFk
cnyko vk, gSaA blesa o`Qf"k rFkk leoxhZ mRiknksa dk fgLlk
?kVk gS] tcfd isVªksfy;e rFkk vifj"o`Qr mRiknksa ,oa vU;
oLrqvksa esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA v;Ld [kfutksa rFkk fufeZr lkekuksa
dk fgLlk Ok"kZ 1997&98 ls 2003&04 rd O;kid rkSj ij
yxkrkj fLFkj&lk jgk gSA isVªksfy;e mRiknksa osQ fgLls eas
o`f¼ dk dkj.k isVªksfy;e osQ ewY;ksa esa o`f¼ osQ lkFk&lkFk
Hkkjr esa rsy'kksèku {kerk eas o`f¼ Hkh f”kEesnkj gSA
ijaijkxr oLrqvksa osQ O;kikj esa fxjkoV dk dkj.k eq[;r%
dM+h varjkZ"Vªh; izfrLièkkZ gSA o`Qf"k mRiknksa osQ varxZr dkWI
+
kQh]
rkfydk 11-3 dk vè;;u djrs gq, ,slh 8 izeq[k oLrq,¡ pqusa] ftUgsa
o"kZ 2004&05 esa fu;kZfrr fd;k x;k gksA naM vkjs[k cukdj mu
oLrqvksa osQ chp fofoèkrk dks le>us gsrq rqyuk djsaA
Hkkjr osQ vk;kr&la?kVu osQ cnyrs izk:i
Hkkjr us 1950 ,oa 1960 osQ n'kd esa [kk|kUuksa dh xaHkhj deh
dk vuqHko fd;k gSA ml le; vk;kr dh izeq[k OkLRkq,¡
[kk|kUu] iw¡thxr eky] e'khujh ,oa miLdj vkfn FksA ml
le; Hkqxrku larqyu fcYoqQYk foijhr Fkk_ pw¡fd vk;kr
     127 varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
izfrLFkkiu osQ lHkh iz;klksa osQ ckotwn vk;kr fu;kZrksa ls vfèkd
FksA 1970 osQ n'kd osQ ckn gfjr ozQkafr esa liQyrk feyus ij
[kk|kUuksa dk vk;kr jksd fn;k x;kA ysfdu 1973 esa vk, ÅtkZ
ladV ls isVªksfy;e (inkFkks±) osQ ewY; esa mNky vk;k iQyr%
vk;kr ctV Hkh c<+ x;kA [kk|kUuksa osQ vk;kr dh txg
moZjdksa ,oa isVªksfy;e us ys yhA e'khu ,oa miLdj] fo'ks"k
LVhy] [kk| rsy rFkk jlk;u eq[; :i ls vk;kr O;kikj dh
jpuk djrs gSaA rkfydk 11-4 esa vk;kr osQ cnyrs izk:i dk
ijh{k.k djsa rFkk mlesa gq, ifjorZu dks le>us dk iz;kl djsaA
rkfydk 11-4 ;g n'kkZrh gS fd issVªksfy;e rFkk blosQ
mRiknksa osQ vk;kr eas rhoz o`f¼ gqbZ gSA bls u osQoy baZèku osQ
:i esa iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS cfYd bldk iz;ksx m|ksxksa esa ,d
dPps eky osQ :i esa Hkh gksrk gSA blls c<+rs gq, vkS|ksxhdj.k
vkSj csgrj thou Lrj dk laosQr feyrk gSA varjkZ"Vªh; ck”kkjksa
mi;ksxh oLrq,¡ 1997-98 2000-01 2003-04
isVªksfy;e vifj"o`Qr rFkk vU; mRikn 19.68 31.32 26.32
iw¡thxr lkeku 19.18 11.48 13.99
jlk;u rFkk lacaf/r mRikn 11.33 7.71 7.99
oL=k] /kxs rFkk diM+s 0.99 1.19 1.61
[kk| rFkk lacaf/r oLrq,¡ 4.04 3.37 4.36
eksrh rFkk vYi ewY; jRu 8.06 9.62 9.12
lksuk vkSj pk¡nh 7.64 9.28 8.77
vU; 29.08 25.53 27.84
rkfydk 11-4 % Hkkjr dk vk;kr la?kVu] 1997 ls 2004
lzksr % fons'k O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku larqyu] lsaVj iQkWj ekWuhVfjax bafM;u bdksukseh
oLrq,¡   2004&05   00 #- esa
o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ mRikn 27,111
v;Ld ,oa [kfut 18,842
peM+k ,oa fofuekZ.kd 10,286
ef.k&jRu ,oa vkHkw"k.k 61,581
jlk;u o lacaf/r mRikn 56,961
bathfu;fjax lkeku 65,543
bysDVªksfud lkeku 8,106
oL=kkfn 53,996
gLrf'kYi 1,543
xyhpk@dkyhu 2,679
isVªksfy;e mRikn 30,518
rkfydk 11-3 % izeq[k mi;ksxh oLrqvksa dk fu;kZr
lzksr % bafM;k (Hkkjr)] 2006 Hkkjr ljdkj osQ lwpuk ,oa
izlkj.k ea=kky; osQ izdk'ku foHkkx }kjk izdkf'kr
esa Hkh bldh oQnkpfud ewY;o`f¼ Hkh ,d vU; dkj.k jgh
gSA fu;kZrkfHkeq[k m|ksxksa ,oa ?kjsyw {ks=k dh c<+rh gqbZ ek¡x osQ
dkj.k iw¡thxr oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr eas ,d fLFkj o`f¼ gksrh jgh
gSA xSj&oS|qfrd e'khujh ifjogu miLdj] èkkrqvksa osQ fofufeZfr;k¡
rFkk e'khuh vkS”kkj vkfn iw¡thxr oLrqvksa dh eq[; ensa gksrh
FkhaA [kk| rsyksa osQ v;kr eas vkbZ fxjkoV osQ lkFk [kk| rFkk
leoxhZ mRiknksa osQ vk;kr esa deh vkbZ gSA Hkkjr osQ vk;kr
easa vU; izeq[k oLrqvksa eas eksrh rFkk mijRuksa] Lo.kZ ,oa pk¡nh]
èkkrqe; v;Ld rFkk èkkrq Nhtu] vykSg èkkrq,¡ rFkk bysDVªkWfud
oLrq,¡ vkfn vkrs gSaA Ok"kZ 2004&05 osQ Hkkjr dh izeq[k
oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr osQ fooj.k rkfydk 11-5 eas fn, x, gSaµ
rkfydk 11-5 osQ vk¡dM+ksa osQ vkèkkj ij oqQN
fØ;kdyki fd, tk ldrs gSa %
vkjksgh Øe esa vFkok vojksgh Øe esas lHkh
oLrqvksa dks Øec¼ <ax ls O;ofLFkr djsa vkSj
Hkkjr osQ 2004&05 dh vk;kr lwph dh izeq[k
ik¡p oLrqqvksa dk uke fy[ksaA
Hkkjr ,d o`Qf"k dh n`f"V ls le`¼ ns'k gksrs gq,
Hkh [kk| rsyksa ,oa nkyksa dk vk;kr D;ksa djrk gS\
ik¡p lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ oLrqvksa dks RkFkk ik¡p
lcls de egÙoiw.kZ oLrqvksa dks pqudj mUgsa
naM&vkjs[k }kjk n'kkZ,¡A
D;k vki vk;kr lwph esa oqQN ,sls enksa dks
igpku ldrs gSa ftuosQ fodYi Hkkjr esa fodflr
fd, tk ldrs gSaA
(izfr'kr esa)
128 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
O;kikj dh fn'kk
Hkkjr osQ O;kikfjd lacaèk fo'o osQ vfèkdka'k ns'kksa ,oa izeq[k
O;kikjh xqVksa osQ lkFk gSaA o"kZ 2004&05 osQ nkSjku {ks=kkuqlkj
,oa mi{ks=kkuqlkj O;kikj rkfydk 11-6 esa fn;k x;k gSA
Hkkjr dk mís'; vkxkeh ik¡p o"kks± osQ nkSjku varjkZ"Vªh;
O;kikj esa viuh fgLlsnkjh dks nqxquk djus dk gSA blus bl
fn'kk esa] igys ls gh vk;kr mnkjhdj.k] vk;kr djksa esa
deh] fM&ykblsaflax (fovuqKkdj.k) rFkk izfozQ;k ls mRikn
osQ ,dLo (isVasV) esa cnyko vkfn vuqowQy mik; viukus
'kq: dj fn, gSaA
Ok"kZ 2004&05 eas Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr esa ,f'k;k ,oa
vks'ksfu;k dh 47-41 izfr'kr dh fgLlsnkjh gS] rnqijkar
if'peh ;wjksi (23-80») vkSj vesfjdk (20-42 ») vkrs
gSaA blh izdkj Hkkjr osQ vk;kr esa ,f'k;k ,oa vks'ksfu;k dh
lokZfèkd (35-40») ek=kk gSA blosQ ckn if'peh ;wjksi
(22-60») rFkk vesfjdk (8-36») vkrs gSaA
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikfjd
lk>snkj rFkk Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr osQ fy, lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ
xarO; LFkku gSA egÙo osQ vkèkkj ij vU; ns'kksa esa
ozQe'k% fczVsu] csfYt;e] teZuh] tkiku] fLoVtjySaM]
gkaxdkax] la;qDr vjc vehjkr] phu] flaxkiqj rFkk eysf'k;k
vkfn vkrs gSaA
izeq[k O;kikfjd lk>snkjksa dks iznf'kZr djus osQ fy, ,d cgqnaM
vkjs[k cuk,¡A
Hkkjr dk vfèkdrj fons'kh O;kikj leqnzh ,oa ok;q
ekxks± }kjk lapkfyr gksrk gSA gkyk¡fd] fons'kh O;kikj dk
oLrq,¡ 2004-05
moZjd 5,53
[kk| rsy 10,75
yqxnk (yqxnh) rFkk vif'k"V isij (dkx”k) 2,12
isij cksMZ (xÙkk) ,oa fofufeZfr;k¡ 3,04
v[kckjh dkx”k (U;w”k fiazV) 1,70
vykSg /krq,¡ 5,63
/krqe;h v;Ld rFkk /krq Nktu 10,65
yksgk ,oa LVhy 11,67
isVªksfy;e vifj"o`Qr ,oa mRikn 1,34,09
eksrh] cgqewY; ,oa vYi ewY; jRu 42,34
e'khujh 48,12
nkysa 12,58
dks;yk] dksd rFkk bf"Vdk (czhosQV~l) 2,03
xSj&/kfRod [kfut fofuekZ.k 23,97
fpfdRlh; ,oa iQkekZ mRikn 6,27
jklk;fud mRikn 2,46
vU; oL=k /kxs] diM+s bR;kfn 3,98
O;kolkf;d miLdj vkfn 43,75
Lo.kZ ,oa pk¡nh 48,63
rkfydk 11-5 % izeq[k oLrqvksa dk vk;kr
(djksM+ #- esa)
lzksr % bafM;k (Hkkjr)] 2006
    izns'k vk;kr
  2003-04 2004-05
if'peh ;wjksi 85,88 1,08,71
iwohZ ;wjksi 43 85
lh-vkbZ-,l- ,oa ckYfVd jkT; 5,79 8,32
,f'k;k ,oa vks'kfu;k 1,24,76 1,70,28
vizQhdk 14,69 16,80
vesfjdk 31,82 40,20
ySfVu vesfjdh ns'k 5,35 8,55
rkfydk 1-6 % Hkkjr osQ vk;kr O;kikj dh fn'kk
(djksM+ #- esa)
lzksr % bafM;k (Hkkjr)] 2006
fp=k 11-2
Page 5


vki varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fofHkUu igyqvksa osQ ckjs esa igys
gh ^ekuo Hkwxksy osQ ewy fl¼kar* uked iqLRkd esa i<+ pqosQ
gSaA varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj lHkh ns'kksa osQ fy, ijLij ykHknk;d
gSa] pw¡fd dksbZ Hkh ns'k vkRefuHkZj ugha gSA gky gh osQ o"kks±
esa Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj us ek=kk] la?kVu osQ lkFk&lkFk
O;kikj dh fn'kk osQ lacaèk esa vkewy ifjorZuksa dk vuqHko
fd;k gSA ;|fi] fo'o O;kikj eas Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh oqQYk
ek=kk dk osQoy ,d izfr'kr gS rFkkfi] fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk
eas bldh ,d egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA
vkb,] Hkkjr osQ varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ cnyrs izk:i
(Pattern) dh iM+rky djsaA o"kZ 1950&51 esa] Hkkjr dk
oSnsf'kd O;kikj dk ewY; 1]214 djksM+ #i, Fkk] tks fd Ok"kZ
2004&05 eas c<+dj 8]37]133 djksM+ #i, gks x;kA D;k
vki 1950&51 osQ eqdkcys 2004&05 dh izfr'kr o`f¼ dk
ifjdyu dj ldrs gSa\ fons'kh O;kikj esa bl rhoz o`f¼ osQ
vusd dkj.k gSa tSls fd fofuekZ.k osQ {ks=k esa laosxh
(xfr'khy) mBku] ljdkj dh mnkj uhfr;k¡ rFkk ck”kkjksa dh
fofoèk:irk vkfnA
le; osQ lkFk Hkkjr osQ fons'kh O;kikj dh izo`Qfr eas
cnyko vk;k gS (rkfydk 11-1)A ;|fi] ;gk¡ ij vk;kr
,oa fu;kZr nksukas dh gh ek=kk esa o`f¼ gqbZ gS] ijarq fu;kZr dh
rqyuk eas vk;kr dk ewY; vfèkd gSA fiNys oqQNsd o"kks± esaa
O;kikj ?kkVs esa Hkh o`f¼ gqbZ gSA ?kkVs esa gqbZ bl o`f¼ osQ fy,
vifj"o`Qr (ozwQM) isVªksfy;e dks mÙkjnk;h Bgjk;k tk ldrk
gS] tks Hkkjr dh vk;kr lwph esa ,d izeq[k ?kVd gSA
Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr&la?kVu osQ cnyrs izk:i
lzksr % lkaf[;dh; lkjka'k] 2005
bdkbZ     IV
vè;k; 11
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
fp=k 11-1
126 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
rkfydk 11-2 osQ vk¡dM+ksa dk vè;;u dhft, vkSj fuEufyf[kr
iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nhft, :
D;k dkj.k gS fd o"kZ 1997&98 osQ ckn ls yxkrkj o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ
mRiknksa osQ fu;kZr esa fxjkoV vkbZ gS\
o"kZ 1999&2000 esa Å¡pkbZ ij igq¡pus osQ i'pkr~ fofufeZr lkekuksa
osQ fu;kZr eas fxjkoV D;kas 'kq: gks xbZ\
,d naM vkjs[k cukdj lkj.kh eas nh xbZ lHkh enksa osQ fu;kZr dh
izo`fÙk dks n'kkZ,¡A blosQ fy, fHkUu&fHkUu jaxksa osQ isu ;k isaflysa
bLrseky djsaA
elkys] pk; o nkyksa vkfn tSlh ijaijkxr oLrqvksa osQ fu;kZr esa
fxjkoV vkbZ gSA gkyk¡fd iq"io`Qf"k mRiknksa rkt+s iQyksa] leqnzh
mRiknksa rFkk phuh vkfn osQ fu;kZr esa o`f¼ ntZ dh xbZ gSA
o"kZ 2003&04 osQ nkSjku fofuekZ.k {ks=k us Hkkjr osQ oqQYk
fu;kZr ewY; esa vosQys 75-96 izfr'kr dh Hkkxhnkjh vafdr
dh gSA fu;kZr lwph esa bathfu;fjax lkekuksa us egÙoiw.kZ o`f¼
n'kkZbZ gSA oL=kks|ksx {ks=k ljdkj }kjk mnkjrkiw.kZ mik; mBk,
tkus osQ ckotwn i;kZIRk miyfCèk ugha izkIr dj ik;kA bl {ks=k
eas phu rFkk vU; iwOkZ ,f'k;kbZ ns'k gekjs izeq[k izfrLièkhZ gSSaA
Hkkjr osQ fons'k O;kikj eas ef.k&jRuksa rFkk vkHkw"k.kksa dh ,d
O;kid fgLlsnkjh gSA
o"kZ fu;kZr vk;kr oqQy O;kikj O;kikj ?kkVk
1994-95 826,740 899,710 1,72,6450 -72,970
2000-01 2,03,5710 2,30,8730 4,34,4440 -273,020
2004-05(v) 3,56,0690 4,81,0640 8,37,1330 -1,24,9950
rkfydk 11-1 % Hkkjr dk fons'k O;kikj
(#- djksM+ esa)
(v) % varfje
lzksr % lkaf[;dh; lkjka'k] 2005
oLrq,¡@eky 1997-98 1999-2000 2000-01 2003-04
o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ mRikn 18.93 15.27 13.55 11.8
v;Ld ,oa [kfut 3.03 2.5 2.62 3.71
fofufeZr oLrq,¡ 75.83 80.93 77.9 75.96
isVªksfy;e o vifj"o`Qr mRikn 1.01 0.08 4.29 5.59
vU; oLrq,¡ 1.2 1.22 1.64 2.94
rkfydk 11-2 % Hkkjr dk fu;kZr la?kVu] 1997&2004
(fu;kZr esa izfr'kr va'k)
lzksr % fons'kh O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku&larqyu] lsaVj iQkWj ekWuhVfjax bafM;u bdksukseh
tSlkfd igys gh crk;k tk pqdk gS fd Hkkjr osQ
varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj eas oLRkqvksa osQ la?kVdksa eas le; osQ lkFk
cnyko vk, gSaA blesa o`Qf"k rFkk leoxhZ mRiknksa dk fgLlk
?kVk gS] tcfd isVªksfy;e rFkk vifj"o`Qr mRiknksa ,oa vU;
oLrqvksa esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA v;Ld [kfutksa rFkk fufeZr lkekuksa
dk fgLlk Ok"kZ 1997&98 ls 2003&04 rd O;kid rkSj ij
yxkrkj fLFkj&lk jgk gSA isVªksfy;e mRiknksa osQ fgLls eas
o`f¼ dk dkj.k isVªksfy;e osQ ewY;ksa esa o`f¼ osQ lkFk&lkFk
Hkkjr esa rsy'kksèku {kerk eas o`f¼ Hkh f”kEesnkj gSA
ijaijkxr oLrqvksa osQ O;kikj esa fxjkoV dk dkj.k eq[;r%
dM+h varjkZ"Vªh; izfrLièkkZ gSA o`Qf"k mRiknksa osQ varxZr dkWI
+
kQh]
rkfydk 11-3 dk vè;;u djrs gq, ,slh 8 izeq[k oLrq,¡ pqusa] ftUgsa
o"kZ 2004&05 esa fu;kZfrr fd;k x;k gksA naM vkjs[k cukdj mu
oLrqvksa osQ chp fofoèkrk dks le>us gsrq rqyuk djsaA
Hkkjr osQ vk;kr&la?kVu osQ cnyrs izk:i
Hkkjr us 1950 ,oa 1960 osQ n'kd esa [kk|kUuksa dh xaHkhj deh
dk vuqHko fd;k gSA ml le; vk;kr dh izeq[k OkLRkq,¡
[kk|kUu] iw¡thxr eky] e'khujh ,oa miLdj vkfn FksA ml
le; Hkqxrku larqyu fcYoqQYk foijhr Fkk_ pw¡fd vk;kr
     127 varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
izfrLFkkiu osQ lHkh iz;klksa osQ ckotwn vk;kr fu;kZrksa ls vfèkd
FksA 1970 osQ n'kd osQ ckn gfjr ozQkafr esa liQyrk feyus ij
[kk|kUuksa dk vk;kr jksd fn;k x;kA ysfdu 1973 esa vk, ÅtkZ
ladV ls isVªksfy;e (inkFkks±) osQ ewY; esa mNky vk;k iQyr%
vk;kr ctV Hkh c<+ x;kA [kk|kUuksa osQ vk;kr dh txg
moZjdksa ,oa isVªksfy;e us ys yhA e'khu ,oa miLdj] fo'ks"k
LVhy] [kk| rsy rFkk jlk;u eq[; :i ls vk;kr O;kikj dh
jpuk djrs gSaA rkfydk 11-4 esa vk;kr osQ cnyrs izk:i dk
ijh{k.k djsa rFkk mlesa gq, ifjorZu dks le>us dk iz;kl djsaA
rkfydk 11-4 ;g n'kkZrh gS fd issVªksfy;e rFkk blosQ
mRiknksa osQ vk;kr eas rhoz o`f¼ gqbZ gSA bls u osQoy baZèku osQ
:i esa iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS cfYd bldk iz;ksx m|ksxksa esa ,d
dPps eky osQ :i esa Hkh gksrk gSA blls c<+rs gq, vkS|ksxhdj.k
vkSj csgrj thou Lrj dk laosQr feyrk gSA varjkZ"Vªh; ck”kkjksa
mi;ksxh oLrq,¡ 1997-98 2000-01 2003-04
isVªksfy;e vifj"o`Qr rFkk vU; mRikn 19.68 31.32 26.32
iw¡thxr lkeku 19.18 11.48 13.99
jlk;u rFkk lacaf/r mRikn 11.33 7.71 7.99
oL=k] /kxs rFkk diM+s 0.99 1.19 1.61
[kk| rFkk lacaf/r oLrq,¡ 4.04 3.37 4.36
eksrh rFkk vYi ewY; jRu 8.06 9.62 9.12
lksuk vkSj pk¡nh 7.64 9.28 8.77
vU; 29.08 25.53 27.84
rkfydk 11-4 % Hkkjr dk vk;kr la?kVu] 1997 ls 2004
lzksr % fons'k O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku larqyu] lsaVj iQkWj ekWuhVfjax bafM;u bdksukseh
oLrq,¡   2004&05   00 #- esa
o`Qf"k ,oa leoxhZ mRikn 27,111
v;Ld ,oa [kfut 18,842
peM+k ,oa fofuekZ.kd 10,286
ef.k&jRu ,oa vkHkw"k.k 61,581
jlk;u o lacaf/r mRikn 56,961
bathfu;fjax lkeku 65,543
bysDVªksfud lkeku 8,106
oL=kkfn 53,996
gLrf'kYi 1,543
xyhpk@dkyhu 2,679
isVªksfy;e mRikn 30,518
rkfydk 11-3 % izeq[k mi;ksxh oLrqvksa dk fu;kZr
lzksr % bafM;k (Hkkjr)] 2006 Hkkjr ljdkj osQ lwpuk ,oa
izlkj.k ea=kky; osQ izdk'ku foHkkx }kjk izdkf'kr
esa Hkh bldh oQnkpfud ewY;o`f¼ Hkh ,d vU; dkj.k jgh
gSA fu;kZrkfHkeq[k m|ksxksa ,oa ?kjsyw {ks=k dh c<+rh gqbZ ek¡x osQ
dkj.k iw¡thxr oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr eas ,d fLFkj o`f¼ gksrh jgh
gSA xSj&oS|qfrd e'khujh ifjogu miLdj] èkkrqvksa osQ fofufeZfr;k¡
rFkk e'khuh vkS”kkj vkfn iw¡thxr oLrqvksa dh eq[; ensa gksrh
FkhaA [kk| rsyksa osQ v;kr eas vkbZ fxjkoV osQ lkFk [kk| rFkk
leoxhZ mRiknksa osQ vk;kr esa deh vkbZ gSA Hkkjr osQ vk;kr
easa vU; izeq[k oLrqvksa eas eksrh rFkk mijRuksa] Lo.kZ ,oa pk¡nh]
èkkrqe; v;Ld rFkk èkkrq Nhtu] vykSg èkkrq,¡ rFkk bysDVªkWfud
oLrq,¡ vkfn vkrs gSaA Ok"kZ 2004&05 osQ Hkkjr dh izeq[k
oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr osQ fooj.k rkfydk 11-5 eas fn, x, gSaµ
rkfydk 11-5 osQ vk¡dM+ksa osQ vkèkkj ij oqQN
fØ;kdyki fd, tk ldrs gSa %
vkjksgh Øe esa vFkok vojksgh Øe esas lHkh
oLrqvksa dks Øec¼ <ax ls O;ofLFkr djsa vkSj
Hkkjr osQ 2004&05 dh vk;kr lwph dh izeq[k
ik¡p oLrqqvksa dk uke fy[ksaA
Hkkjr ,d o`Qf"k dh n`f"V ls le`¼ ns'k gksrs gq,
Hkh [kk| rsyksa ,oa nkyksa dk vk;kr D;ksa djrk gS\
ik¡p lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ oLrqvksa dks RkFkk ik¡p
lcls de egÙoiw.kZ oLrqvksa dks pqudj mUgsa
naM&vkjs[k }kjk n'kkZ,¡A
D;k vki vk;kr lwph esa oqQN ,sls enksa dks
igpku ldrs gSa ftuosQ fodYi Hkkjr esa fodflr
fd, tk ldrs gSaA
(izfr'kr esa)
128 Hkkjr % yksx vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk
O;kikj dh fn'kk
Hkkjr osQ O;kikfjd lacaèk fo'o osQ vfèkdka'k ns'kksa ,oa izeq[k
O;kikjh xqVksa osQ lkFk gSaA o"kZ 2004&05 osQ nkSjku {ks=kkuqlkj
,oa mi{ks=kkuqlkj O;kikj rkfydk 11-6 esa fn;k x;k gSA
Hkkjr dk mís'; vkxkeh ik¡p o"kks± osQ nkSjku varjkZ"Vªh;
O;kikj esa viuh fgLlsnkjh dks nqxquk djus dk gSA blus bl
fn'kk esa] igys ls gh vk;kr mnkjhdj.k] vk;kr djksa esa
deh] fM&ykblsaflax (fovuqKkdj.k) rFkk izfozQ;k ls mRikn
osQ ,dLo (isVasV) esa cnyko vkfn vuqowQy mik; viukus
'kq: dj fn, gSaA
Ok"kZ 2004&05 eas Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr esa ,f'k;k ,oa
vks'ksfu;k dh 47-41 izfr'kr dh fgLlsnkjh gS] rnqijkar
if'peh ;wjksi (23-80») vkSj vesfjdk (20-42 ») vkrs
gSaA blh izdkj Hkkjr osQ vk;kr esa ,f'k;k ,oa vks'ksfu;k dh
lokZfèkd (35-40») ek=kk gSA blosQ ckn if'peh ;wjksi
(22-60») rFkk vesfjdk (8-36») vkrs gSaA
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k O;kikfjd
lk>snkj rFkk Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr osQ fy, lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ
xarO; LFkku gSA egÙo osQ vkèkkj ij vU; ns'kksa esa
ozQe'k% fczVsu] csfYt;e] teZuh] tkiku] fLoVtjySaM]
gkaxdkax] la;qDr vjc vehjkr] phu] flaxkiqj rFkk eysf'k;k
vkfn vkrs gSaA
izeq[k O;kikfjd lk>snkjksa dks iznf'kZr djus osQ fy, ,d cgqnaM
vkjs[k cuk,¡A
Hkkjr dk vfèkdrj fons'kh O;kikj leqnzh ,oa ok;q
ekxks± }kjk lapkfyr gksrk gSA gkyk¡fd] fons'kh O;kikj dk
oLrq,¡ 2004-05
moZjd 5,53
[kk| rsy 10,75
yqxnk (yqxnh) rFkk vif'k"V isij (dkx”k) 2,12
isij cksMZ (xÙkk) ,oa fofufeZfr;k¡ 3,04
v[kckjh dkx”k (U;w”k fiazV) 1,70
vykSg /krq,¡ 5,63
/krqe;h v;Ld rFkk /krq Nktu 10,65
yksgk ,oa LVhy 11,67
isVªksfy;e vifj"o`Qr ,oa mRikn 1,34,09
eksrh] cgqewY; ,oa vYi ewY; jRu 42,34
e'khujh 48,12
nkysa 12,58
dks;yk] dksd rFkk bf"Vdk (czhosQV~l) 2,03
xSj&/kfRod [kfut fofuekZ.k 23,97
fpfdRlh; ,oa iQkekZ mRikn 6,27
jklk;fud mRikn 2,46
vU; oL=k /kxs] diM+s bR;kfn 3,98
O;kolkf;d miLdj vkfn 43,75
Lo.kZ ,oa pk¡nh 48,63
rkfydk 11-5 % izeq[k oLrqvksa dk vk;kr
(djksM+ #- esa)
lzksr % bafM;k (Hkkjr)] 2006
    izns'k vk;kr
  2003-04 2004-05
if'peh ;wjksi 85,88 1,08,71
iwohZ ;wjksi 43 85
lh-vkbZ-,l- ,oa ckYfVd jkT; 5,79 8,32
,f'k;k ,oa vks'kfu;k 1,24,76 1,70,28
vizQhdk 14,69 16,80
vesfjdk 31,82 40,20
ySfVu vesfjdh ns'k 5,35 8,55
rkfydk 1-6 % Hkkjr osQ vk;kr O;kikj dh fn'kk
(djksM+ #- esa)
lzksr % bafM;k (Hkkjr)] 2006
fp=k 11-2
     129 varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
NksVk lk Hkkx lM+d ekxZ }kjk usiky] HkwVku] ckaXykns'k
,oa ikfdLrku tSls iM+kslh jkT;ksa esa lM+d ekxZ }kjk fd;k
tkrk gSA
leqæh iÙku&varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ izos'k }kj osQ :i esa
Hkkjr rhu vksj ls leqnz ls f?kjk gqvk gS vkSj izo`Qfr us gesa
,d yach rVjs[kk iznku dh gSA ty lLrs ifjogu osQ fy,
,d likV ry iznku djrk gSA leqnzh ;k=kkvksa dh Hkkjr esa
,d yach ijaijk jgh gS] ;gk¡ rd fd dbZ LFkkuksa osQ lkFk
miuke iÙku tqM+k gqvk gSA Hkkjr esa leqnzh iÙkuksa dk ,d
jkspd rF; ;g gS fd blosQ iwohZ rV dh vis{kk if'peh rV
ij vfèkd iÙku gSaA
D;k vki bu nksuksa rVksa ij iÙkuksa dh vofLFkfr
dh fHkUurk osQ dkj.kksa dk irk yxk ldrs gSaA
;|fi Hkkjr esa iÙkuksa dk mi;ksx izkphu dky ls gks
jgk gS rFkkfi varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ izos'k }kj osQ :i esa
iÙkuksa dk mHkjuk ;wjksih; O;kikfj;ksa dk vkxeu rFkk vaxzs”kh
}kjk Hkkjr osQ mifuos'khdj.k osQ ckn egÙoiw.kZ cukA blh
dkj.k ns'k esa iÙkuksa osQ vkdkj vkSj xq.koÙkk esa fofoèkrk
vkbZA ;gk¡ ij oqQN iÙku ,sls gSa ftuosQ ikl foLr`r izHkko
{ks=k gSa tcfd oqQN osQ ikl lhfer izHkko {ks=k gSA orZeku eas]
Hkkjr esa 12 izeq[k vkSj 185 NksVs ;k e>ksys iÙku gSaA izeq[k
iÙkuksa osQ laca/ksa esa osaQnz ljdkj uhfr;k¡ cukrh gS rFkk fu;ked
fozQ;kvksa dks fuHkkrh gSaA NksVs iÙkuksa osQ fy, jkT; ljdkjsa
uhfr;k¡ cukrh gS o fu;ked fozQ;k,¡ fuHkkrh gSaA izeq[k iÙku
oqQy ;krk;kr osQ cM+s fgLls dk fuiVku djrh gSaA 12 izeq[k
iÙku ns'k osQ egklkxjh; ;krk;kr dk 75 izfr'kr Hkkx
fuiVkrh gSA
vaxzs”kksa us bu iÙkuksa dk mi;ksx muosQ i`"Bizns'kksa osQ
lalkèkuksa osQ vo'kks"k.k osaQnz osQ :i esa fd;k FkkA vkarfjd
izns'kksa esa jsyos osQ fOkLrkj us LFkkuh; ck”kkjksa dks {ks=kh; ck”kkjksa
vkSj {ks=kh; ck”kkjksa dks jk"Vªh; ck”kkjksa rFkk jk"Vªh; ck”kkjksa dks
varjkZ"Vªh; ck”kkjksa ls tksM+us dh lqxerk iznku dhA ;g izo`fÙk
1947 rd cuh jghA ;g vis{kk dh xbZ Fkh fd ns'k dh
Lora=krk bl izØe dks myV nsxh] ijarq ns'k osQ foHkktu ls
Hkkjr osQ nks vfr egÙoiw.kZ iÙku vyx gks x,A djkph iÙku
ikfdLrku esa pyk x;k vkSj fpVxk¡o iÙku rRdkyhu iwohZ
ikfdLrku vkSj vc ckaXykns'k esa pyk x;kA bl {kfriwfrZ osQ
fy, vusd u, iÙkuksa dks fodflr fd;k x;k tSls fd
if'pe eas dkaMyk rFkk iwoZ eas gqxyh unh ij dksydkrk osQ
ikl Mk;eaM gkcZj dk fodkl gqvkA
ns'k 2000-01 2003-04
la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk 13.0 10.3
;w-osQ- 5.7 3.7
csfYt;e 4.6 3.7
teZuh 3.9 3.5
tkiku 3.8 2.7
fLoVtjySaM 3.8 3.3
gkaxdkax 3.7 2.8
la;qDr vjc vehjkr 3.4 6.2
phu 2.5 6.4
flaxkiqj 2.5 3.4
eysf'k;k 1.9 1.7
;ksx 48.6 47.7
rkfydk 11-7 % Hkkjr osQ izeq[k O;kikfjd lk>snkj
oqQy O;kikj dk izfr'kr va'k (fu;kZr$vk;kr)
lzksr % vkfFkZd losZ{k.k] 2005&06
fp=k 11-3 % iÙku ij eky dks mrkjuk