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 Page 1


150
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
ifjp;
bl vè;k; esa Hkkjr osQ jktuhfrd ekufp=kksa (1947&2017) dks nsf[k,A muesa vkidks dkiQh
ifjorZu fn[kkbZ nsxkA jkT;ksa dh lhek,¡ vkSj uke cny x, gSa rFkk jkT;ksa dh la[;k esa Hkh varj
vk x;k gSA vk”kknh osQ le; vius ns'k esa vf/dka'k izkar ,sls Fks ftUgsa vaxzstksa us egt
iz'kklfud lqfo/k osQ fy, xfBr fd;k FkkA fiQj oqQN ns'kh fj;klrksa dk Lora=k Hkkjr esa
foy; gks x;kA bu ns'kh fj;klrksa dks izkarksa ls tksM+ fn;k x;kA bls vki 1947 osQ ekufp=k esa
ns[k ldrs gSaA rc&ls ysdj vkt rd jkT;ksa dh lhek,¡ dbZ ckj cny pqdh gSaA bl vof/ esa
u osQoy jkT;ksa dh lhekvksa esa ifjorZu gqvk cfYd oqQN jkT;ksa dh turk dh bPNk osQ vuq:i
muosQ uke Hkh cny x,A tSls eSlwj dk uke dukZVd rFkk enzkl dk uke rfeyukMq gks x;kA
;s ekufp=k 70 o"kks± esa gq, ifjorZuksa dks fn[kkrs gSaA ,d rjg ls ;s uD'ks gels Hkkjr esa la?kokn
osQ dkedkt dh dgkuh dgrs gSaA
bl vè;k; dks i<+us osQ ckn vkidks fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dh tkudkjh gksxh &
? la?kokn D;k gS\
? Hkkjrh; lafo/ku osQ la?kh; O;oLFkk laca/h izko/ku D;k gSa\
? osaQnz o jkT;ksa osQ laca/ ls tqM+s eqís] vkSj
? fo'ks"k fdLe dh cqukoV vkSj ,sfrgkfld fo'ks"krk okys oqQN jkT;ksa osQ fy, fu/kZfjr
fof'k"V izko/ku D;k gSa\
vè;k; lkr
la?kokn
2018-19
Page 2


150
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
ifjp;
bl vè;k; esa Hkkjr osQ jktuhfrd ekufp=kksa (1947&2017) dks nsf[k,A muesa vkidks dkiQh
ifjorZu fn[kkbZ nsxkA jkT;ksa dh lhek,¡ vkSj uke cny x, gSa rFkk jkT;ksa dh la[;k esa Hkh varj
vk x;k gSA vk”kknh osQ le; vius ns'k esa vf/dka'k izkar ,sls Fks ftUgsa vaxzstksa us egt
iz'kklfud lqfo/k osQ fy, xfBr fd;k FkkA fiQj oqQN ns'kh fj;klrksa dk Lora=k Hkkjr esa
foy; gks x;kA bu ns'kh fj;klrksa dks izkarksa ls tksM+ fn;k x;kA bls vki 1947 osQ ekufp=k esa
ns[k ldrs gSaA rc&ls ysdj vkt rd jkT;ksa dh lhek,¡ dbZ ckj cny pqdh gSaA bl vof/ esa
u osQoy jkT;ksa dh lhekvksa esa ifjorZu gqvk cfYd oqQN jkT;ksa dh turk dh bPNk osQ vuq:i
muosQ uke Hkh cny x,A tSls eSlwj dk uke dukZVd rFkk enzkl dk uke rfeyukMq gks x;kA
;s ekufp=k 70 o"kks± esa gq, ifjorZuksa dks fn[kkrs gSaA ,d rjg ls ;s uD'ks gels Hkkjr esa la?kokn
osQ dkedkt dh dgkuh dgrs gSaA
bl vè;k; dks i<+us osQ ckn vkidks fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dh tkudkjh gksxh &
? la?kokn D;k gS\
? Hkkjrh; lafo/ku osQ la?kh; O;oLFkk laca/h izko/ku D;k gSa\
? osaQnz o jkT;ksa osQ laca/ ls tqM+s eqís] vkSj
? fo'ks"k fdLe dh cqukoV vkSj ,sfrgkfld fo'ks"krk okys oqQN jkT;ksa osQ fy, fu/kZfjr
fof'k"V izko/ku D;k gSa\
vè;k; lkr
la?kokn
2018-19
151
la?kokn
1947 esa Hkkjr la?k osQ çkar
Hkkjr
1947
? ? ? ? ? ? ??
?? ?? ??
??? ? ??
? ? ? ? ? ?
la;qDr çkar
=kko.kdksj
eækl
eSlwj
xqtjkr
caEcbZ
eè; çkar
mM+hlk
fcgkj
vle
jktiwrkuk
iatkc
vkSj
2018-19
Page 3


150
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
ifjp;
bl vè;k; esa Hkkjr osQ jktuhfrd ekufp=kksa (1947&2017) dks nsf[k,A muesa vkidks dkiQh
ifjorZu fn[kkbZ nsxkA jkT;ksa dh lhek,¡ vkSj uke cny x, gSa rFkk jkT;ksa dh la[;k esa Hkh varj
vk x;k gSA vk”kknh osQ le; vius ns'k esa vf/dka'k izkar ,sls Fks ftUgsa vaxzstksa us egt
iz'kklfud lqfo/k osQ fy, xfBr fd;k FkkA fiQj oqQN ns'kh fj;klrksa dk Lora=k Hkkjr esa
foy; gks x;kA bu ns'kh fj;klrksa dks izkarksa ls tksM+ fn;k x;kA bls vki 1947 osQ ekufp=k esa
ns[k ldrs gSaA rc&ls ysdj vkt rd jkT;ksa dh lhek,¡ dbZ ckj cny pqdh gSaA bl vof/ esa
u osQoy jkT;ksa dh lhekvksa esa ifjorZu gqvk cfYd oqQN jkT;ksa dh turk dh bPNk osQ vuq:i
muosQ uke Hkh cny x,A tSls eSlwj dk uke dukZVd rFkk enzkl dk uke rfeyukMq gks x;kA
;s ekufp=k 70 o"kks± esa gq, ifjorZuksa dks fn[kkrs gSaA ,d rjg ls ;s uD'ks gels Hkkjr esa la?kokn
osQ dkedkt dh dgkuh dgrs gSaA
bl vè;k; dks i<+us osQ ckn vkidks fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dh tkudkjh gksxh &
? la?kokn D;k gS\
? Hkkjrh; lafo/ku osQ la?kh; O;oLFkk laca/h izko/ku D;k gSa\
? osaQnz o jkT;ksa osQ laca/ ls tqM+s eqís] vkSj
? fo'ks"k fdLe dh cqukoV vkSj ,sfrgkfld fo'ks"krk okys oqQN jkT;ksa osQ fy, fu/kZfjr
fof'k"V izko/ku D;k gSa\
vè;k; lkr
la?kokn
2018-19
151
la?kokn
1947 esa Hkkjr la?k osQ çkar
Hkkjr
1947
? ? ? ? ? ? ??
?? ?? ??
??? ? ??
? ? ? ? ? ?
la;qDr çkar
=kko.kdksj
eækl
eSlwj
xqtjkr
caEcbZ
eè; çkar
mM+hlk
fcgkj
vle
jktiwrkuk
iatkc
vkSj
2018-19
152
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
2018-19
Page 4


150
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
ifjp;
bl vè;k; esa Hkkjr osQ jktuhfrd ekufp=kksa (1947&2017) dks nsf[k,A muesa vkidks dkiQh
ifjorZu fn[kkbZ nsxkA jkT;ksa dh lhek,¡ vkSj uke cny x, gSa rFkk jkT;ksa dh la[;k esa Hkh varj
vk x;k gSA vk”kknh osQ le; vius ns'k esa vf/dka'k izkar ,sls Fks ftUgsa vaxzstksa us egt
iz'kklfud lqfo/k osQ fy, xfBr fd;k FkkA fiQj oqQN ns'kh fj;klrksa dk Lora=k Hkkjr esa
foy; gks x;kA bu ns'kh fj;klrksa dks izkarksa ls tksM+ fn;k x;kA bls vki 1947 osQ ekufp=k esa
ns[k ldrs gSaA rc&ls ysdj vkt rd jkT;ksa dh lhek,¡ dbZ ckj cny pqdh gSaA bl vof/ esa
u osQoy jkT;ksa dh lhekvksa esa ifjorZu gqvk cfYd oqQN jkT;ksa dh turk dh bPNk osQ vuq:i
muosQ uke Hkh cny x,A tSls eSlwj dk uke dukZVd rFkk enzkl dk uke rfeyukMq gks x;kA
;s ekufp=k 70 o"kks± esa gq, ifjorZuksa dks fn[kkrs gSaA ,d rjg ls ;s uD'ks gels Hkkjr esa la?kokn
osQ dkedkt dh dgkuh dgrs gSaA
bl vè;k; dks i<+us osQ ckn vkidks fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dh tkudkjh gksxh &
? la?kokn D;k gS\
? Hkkjrh; lafo/ku osQ la?kh; O;oLFkk laca/h izko/ku D;k gSa\
? osaQnz o jkT;ksa osQ laca/ ls tqM+s eqís] vkSj
? fo'ks"k fdLe dh cqukoV vkSj ,sfrgkfld fo'ks"krk okys oqQN jkT;ksa osQ fy, fu/kZfjr
fof'k"V izko/ku D;k gSa\
vè;k; lkr
la?kokn
2018-19
151
la?kokn
1947 esa Hkkjr la?k osQ çkar
Hkkjr
1947
? ? ? ? ? ? ??
?? ?? ??
??? ? ??
? ? ? ? ? ?
la;qDr çkar
=kko.kdksj
eækl
eSlwj
xqtjkr
caEcbZ
eè; çkar
mM+hlk
fcgkj
vle
jktiwrkuk
iatkc
vkSj
2018-19
152
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
2018-19
153
la?kokn
7-1 la?kokn D;k gS\
lksfo;r la?k fo'o dh ,d egk'kfDr Fkk
ij 1989 osQ ckn og vusd Lora=k ns'kksa
esa c¡V x;kA buesa ls oqQN us fey dj
^Lora=k jkT;ksa dk jk"VªeaMy* cuk fy;kA
lksfo;r la?k osQ fo?kVu osQ izeq[k dkj.k
ogk¡ 'kfDr;ksa dk teko vkSj vR;f/d
osaQnzhdj.k dh izo`fÙk;k¡ FkhaA blosQ vykok
m”kcsfdLrku tSls fHkUu Hkk"kk vkSj laLÑfr
okys {ks=kksa ij :l osQ vkf/iR; us Hkh
fo?kVu dks c<+kok fn;kA oqQN vU; jkT;ksa
tSls psdksLyksokfd;k] ;wxksLykfo;k vkSj
ikfdLrku dks Hkh vius ns'k dk foHkktu
ns[kuk iM+kA dukMk esa Hkh vaxzsth&Hkk"kh
vkSj izsaQp&Hkk"kh {ks=kksa osQ vk/kj ij foHkktu
dh laHkkouk c<+ xbZ FkhA Hkkjr osQ fy,
D;k ;g egku miyfC/ ugha fd 1947
osQ nq[kn foHkktu vkSj Lora=k jk"Vª osQ
:i esa fiNys N% n'kdksa ls og viuk
v[kaM rFkk Lora=k vfLrRo cuk, gq, gSa\
vkf[kj bl miyfC/ dk vk/kj D;k gS\
D;k ge dg ldrs gSa fd bldk dkiQh
oqQN Js; Hkkjrh; lafo/ku }kjk vaxhÑr
la?kh; O;oLFkk dks tkrk gS\
Åij ftu ns'kksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k
gS os lHkh la?kh; jkT; FksA ij os ,dtqV
u jg losQA blls yxrk gS fd la?kh;
lafo/ku viukus  osQ lkFk&lkFk la?kh;
O;oLFkk dh izÑfr vkSj O;ogkj Hkh cgqr
egÙoiw.kZ gSA
osLVbaMh”k esa la?kokn
vkius osLVbaMh”k dh fØosQV Vhe osQ ckjs
esa lquk gksxkA ysfdu D;k osLVbaMh”k uke
dk dksbZ ns'k Hkh gS\
Hkkjr dh gh rjg osLVbaMht Hkh vaxzstksa
dk mifuos'k FkkA 1958 esa ^osLVbaMh”k
la?k* (isQMjs'ku vkWiQ osLVbaMh”k) dk
tUe gqvkA bldh osaQnzh; ljdkj de”kksj
Fkh vkSj çR;sd la?kh; bdkbZ dh viuh
Lora=k vFkZO;oLFkk FkhA bl otg ls
vkSj vU; la?kh; bdkbZ;ksa esa jktuSfrd
izfrLi/kZ osQ dkj.k 1962 esa bl la?k
dks Hkax dj fn;kA ckn esa 1973 dh
fpxqvkjkel&laf/ osQ }kjk bu Lora=k
izk;}hiksa us ,d lk>h laln] loksZPp
U;k;ky;] eqnzk vkSj ^osQjhfc;u leqnk;*
uked lk>k&ck”kkj tSlh la;qDr laLFkkvksa
dk fuekZ.k fd;kA osQjhfc;u leqnk; dh
,d lk>h dk;Zikfydk Hkh gS vkSj lnL;
ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa osQ iz/ku ml dk;Zikfydk
osQ lnL; gSaA bl izdkj ogk¡ dh bdkbZ;k¡
u rks ,d ns'k osQ :i esa jg ldha vkSj
u gh os vyx&vyx jg ldhaA
2018-19
Page 5


150
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
ifjp;
bl vè;k; esa Hkkjr osQ jktuhfrd ekufp=kksa (1947&2017) dks nsf[k,A muesa vkidks dkiQh
ifjorZu fn[kkbZ nsxkA jkT;ksa dh lhek,¡ vkSj uke cny x, gSa rFkk jkT;ksa dh la[;k esa Hkh varj
vk x;k gSA vk”kknh osQ le; vius ns'k esa vf/dka'k izkar ,sls Fks ftUgsa vaxzstksa us egt
iz'kklfud lqfo/k osQ fy, xfBr fd;k FkkA fiQj oqQN ns'kh fj;klrksa dk Lora=k Hkkjr esa
foy; gks x;kA bu ns'kh fj;klrksa dks izkarksa ls tksM+ fn;k x;kA bls vki 1947 osQ ekufp=k esa
ns[k ldrs gSaA rc&ls ysdj vkt rd jkT;ksa dh lhek,¡ dbZ ckj cny pqdh gSaA bl vof/ esa
u osQoy jkT;ksa dh lhekvksa esa ifjorZu gqvk cfYd oqQN jkT;ksa dh turk dh bPNk osQ vuq:i
muosQ uke Hkh cny x,A tSls eSlwj dk uke dukZVd rFkk enzkl dk uke rfeyukMq gks x;kA
;s ekufp=k 70 o"kks± esa gq, ifjorZuksa dks fn[kkrs gSaA ,d rjg ls ;s uD'ks gels Hkkjr esa la?kokn
osQ dkedkt dh dgkuh dgrs gSaA
bl vè;k; dks i<+us osQ ckn vkidks fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dh tkudkjh gksxh &
? la?kokn D;k gS\
? Hkkjrh; lafo/ku osQ la?kh; O;oLFkk laca/h izko/ku D;k gSa\
? osaQnz o jkT;ksa osQ laca/ ls tqM+s eqís] vkSj
? fo'ks"k fdLe dh cqukoV vkSj ,sfrgkfld fo'ks"krk okys oqQN jkT;ksa osQ fy, fu/kZfjr
fof'k"V izko/ku D;k gSa\
vè;k; lkr
la?kokn
2018-19
151
la?kokn
1947 esa Hkkjr la?k osQ çkar
Hkkjr
1947
? ? ? ? ? ? ??
?? ?? ??
??? ? ??
? ? ? ? ? ?
la;qDr çkar
=kko.kdksj
eækl
eSlwj
xqtjkr
caEcbZ
eè; çkar
mM+hlk
fcgkj
vle
jktiwrkuk
iatkc
vkSj
2018-19
152
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
2018-19
153
la?kokn
7-1 la?kokn D;k gS\
lksfo;r la?k fo'o dh ,d egk'kfDr Fkk
ij 1989 osQ ckn og vusd Lora=k ns'kksa
esa c¡V x;kA buesa ls oqQN us fey dj
^Lora=k jkT;ksa dk jk"VªeaMy* cuk fy;kA
lksfo;r la?k osQ fo?kVu osQ izeq[k dkj.k
ogk¡ 'kfDr;ksa dk teko vkSj vR;f/d
osaQnzhdj.k dh izo`fÙk;k¡ FkhaA blosQ vykok
m”kcsfdLrku tSls fHkUu Hkk"kk vkSj laLÑfr
okys {ks=kksa ij :l osQ vkf/iR; us Hkh
fo?kVu dks c<+kok fn;kA oqQN vU; jkT;ksa
tSls psdksLyksokfd;k] ;wxksLykfo;k vkSj
ikfdLrku dks Hkh vius ns'k dk foHkktu
ns[kuk iM+kA dukMk esa Hkh vaxzsth&Hkk"kh
vkSj izsaQp&Hkk"kh {ks=kksa osQ vk/kj ij foHkktu
dh laHkkouk c<+ xbZ FkhA Hkkjr osQ fy,
D;k ;g egku miyfC/ ugha fd 1947
osQ nq[kn foHkktu vkSj Lora=k jk"Vª osQ
:i esa fiNys N% n'kdksa ls og viuk
v[kaM rFkk Lora=k vfLrRo cuk, gq, gSa\
vkf[kj bl miyfC/ dk vk/kj D;k gS\
D;k ge dg ldrs gSa fd bldk dkiQh
oqQN Js; Hkkjrh; lafo/ku }kjk vaxhÑr
la?kh; O;oLFkk dks tkrk gS\
Åij ftu ns'kksa dk mYys[k fd;k x;k
gS os lHkh la?kh; jkT; FksA ij os ,dtqV
u jg losQA blls yxrk gS fd la?kh;
lafo/ku viukus  osQ lkFk&lkFk la?kh;
O;oLFkk dh izÑfr vkSj O;ogkj Hkh cgqr
egÙoiw.kZ gSA
osLVbaMh”k esa la?kokn
vkius osLVbaMh”k dh fØosQV Vhe osQ ckjs
esa lquk gksxkA ysfdu D;k osLVbaMh”k uke
dk dksbZ ns'k Hkh gS\
Hkkjr dh gh rjg osLVbaMht Hkh vaxzstksa
dk mifuos'k FkkA 1958 esa ^osLVbaMh”k
la?k* (isQMjs'ku vkWiQ osLVbaMh”k) dk
tUe gqvkA bldh osaQnzh; ljdkj de”kksj
Fkh vkSj çR;sd la?kh; bdkbZ dh viuh
Lora=k vFkZO;oLFkk FkhA bl otg ls
vkSj vU; la?kh; bdkbZ;ksa esa jktuSfrd
izfrLi/kZ osQ dkj.k 1962 esa bl la?k
dks Hkax dj fn;kA ckn esa 1973 dh
fpxqvkjkel&laf/ osQ }kjk bu Lora=k
izk;}hiksa us ,d lk>h laln] loksZPp
U;k;ky;] eqnzk vkSj ^osQjhfc;u leqnk;*
uked lk>k&ck”kkj tSlh la;qDr laLFkkvksa
dk fuekZ.k fd;kA osQjhfc;u leqnk; dh
,d lk>h dk;Zikfydk Hkh gS vkSj lnL;
ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa osQ iz/ku ml dk;Zikfydk
osQ lnL; gSaA bl izdkj ogk¡ dh bdkbZ;k¡
u rks ,d ns'k osQ :i esa jg ldha vkSj
u gh os vyx&vyx jg ldhaA
2018-19
154
Hkkjr dk lafo/ku µ fl¼kar vkSj O;ogkj
eSa le> xbZ! ;g gekjs LowQy
dh rjg gSA esjh igpku 9 ;k
12 ;k ,sls gh fdlh d{kk dh
gS vkSj gekjs chp vyx&vyx
I
+
kSQlyksa dks ysdj gksM+ pyrh
jgrh gSA ysfdu ge lc ,d gh
LowQy osQ Nk=k gSa vkSj gesa bldk
xoZ gSA
Hkkjrh; Hkw&Hkkx ,d egk}hi dh rjg fo'kky vkSj vusd fofo/rkvksa
ls Hkjk gSA ;gk¡ 20 izeq[k vkSj lSdM+ksa vU; NksVh Hkk"kk,¡ gSaA ;gk¡ vusd /eks±
osQ ekuus okys yksx fuokl djrs gSaA ns'k osQ fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa djksM+ksa
vkfnoklh fuokl djrs gSaA bu fofoèkrkvksa osQ ckotwn ge ,d lk>h
tehu ij jgrs gSa vkSj gekjk ,d lk>k bfrgkl gSA [kkldj mu fnuksa dk
tc ge vk”kknh dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgs FksA gekjs chp nwljh dbZ lekurk,¡ gSaA
blh dkj.k gekjs jk"Vªh; usrkvksa us Hkkjr dks ^fofo/rk esa ,drk* osQ :i esa
ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA dHkh&dHkkj bls ^fofo/rkvksa osQ lkFk ,drk* dh
laKk Hkh nh tkrh gSA
la?kokn esa dksbZ ,sls fuf'pr vkSj dBksj fl¼kar ugha gksrs tks izR;sd
,sfrgkfld ifjfLFkfr esa leku :i ls ykxw gksaA 'kklu osQ fl¼kar osQ :i
esa la?kokn fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu Lo:i xzg.k djrk gSA
la?kh; jkT; dh 'kq#vkr vesfjdk ls gqbZ ysfdu og teZuh vkSj Hkkjrh;
la?kokn ls fHkUu gSA fiQj Hkh la?kokn dh oqQN ewy vo/kj.kk,¡ vkSj fopkj
vo'; gSaA
? fuf'pr :i ls la?kokn ,d laLFkkxr iz.kkyh gS tks nks izdkj dh
jktuhfrd O;oLFkkvksa dks lekfgr djrh gSA blesa ,d izkarh; Lrj
dh gksrh gS vkSj nwljh osaQnzh; Lrj dhA izR;sd ljdkj vius {ks=k esa
Lok;Ùk gksrh gSA oqQN la?kh; ns'kksa esa nksgjh ukxfjdrk dh O;oLFkk
gksrh gS ij Hkkjr esa bdgjh ukxfjdrk gSA
? bl izdkj yksxksa dh nksgjh igpku vkSj fu"Bk,¡ gksrh gSaA os vius
{ks=k osQ Hkh gksrs gSa vkSj jk"Vª osQ HkhA tSls geesa ls dksbZ xqtjkrh ;k
>kj[kaMh gksus osQ lkFk&lkFk Hkkjrh; Hkh gksrk gSA izR;sd Lrj dh
jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh oqQN fof'k"V 'kfDr;k¡ vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro
gksrs gSa rFkk ogk¡ ,d vyx ljdkj Hkh gksrh gSA
? nksgjs 'kklu dh foLr`r :ijs[kk veweu ,d fyf[kr lafo/ku esa
ekStwn gksrh gSA ;g lafo/ku loksZPp gksrk gS vkSj nksuksa ljdkjksa
dh 'kfDr;ksa dk lzksr HkhA jk"Vªh; egÙo osQ fo"k;ksa&tSls izfrj{kk
vkSj eqnzk&dk mÙkjnkf;Ro la?kh; ;k osaQnzh; ljdkj dk gksrk gSA
{ks=kh; ;k LFkkuh; egÙo osQ fo"k;ksa ij izkarh; jkT; ljdkjsa
tokcnsg gksrh gSaA
2018-19
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