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Page 1
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????? ???? ?? ??????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? (2020) ??? 22% ??
??????? ?? ??? 15 ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
z ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ????? ?? ??????/?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ( Carbon dioxide- CO2) ??
????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???
z ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????
?? ?????????? ??, ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ?? ???????, ????? ???????????, ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????
?????? ?????
z ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????:
? ???????:
? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???
? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????
???? ???
? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??, ?? ?????? 2019 ???
1.82 ?????? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ??????? ?????
? ????? ?????? ?? ????:
? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???
? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? "????? ?????" ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????
?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????
? ??:
? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????
? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????
??, ????????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???
? ??????? ???? ?? ???????:
? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????
? ??? ????:
? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ????
? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????
z ????? ???????????:
? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????
? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? (Closed-Canopy Forests) ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? 28
????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????
Page 2
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????? ???? ?? ??????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? (2020) ??? 22% ??
??????? ?? ??? 15 ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
z ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ????? ?? ??????/?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ( Carbon dioxide- CO2) ??
????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???
z ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????
?? ?????????? ??, ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ?? ???????, ????? ???????????, ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????
?????? ?????
z ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????:
? ???????:
? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???
? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????
???? ???
? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??, ?? ?????? 2019 ???
1.82 ?????? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ??????? ?????
? ????? ?????? ?? ????:
? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???
? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? "????? ?????" ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????
?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????
? ??:
? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????
? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????
??, ????????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???
? ??????? ???? ?? ???????:
? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????
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? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ????
? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????
z ????? ???????????:
? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????
? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? (Closed-Canopy Forests) ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? 28
????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????
? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? 200 ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???
? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? 20 ????? ?????????? ?? 35 ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???
? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????????, ??????, ????? ???????, ??? ???????, ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????
? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?????- ??????, ??????????, ????, ???????, ????????, ???????????, ?????? ??
???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? (Overseas Territory) ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???
? ????? ??????????? ???? 80% ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? 1/5 ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??
??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???-??? ????????? ????? ???? 30 ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???
? ????? ?????? 6 ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??, ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???
? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? 20% ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???
? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? 40% ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????, ????? ??? ????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????
?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???
z ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????:
? COP26 ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? 2030 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????
???? ???
? ??????? ????? ?? ???????, 2021 ??? ‘??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????????’ (Lowering Emissions by
Accelerating Forest Finance- LEAF) ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???
? REDD+ ???: ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??
?? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???
???
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? (The System of Air Quality and Weather
Forecasting And Research- SAFAR) ?? ??? ?????? ????? (??????, ????????, ????? ?? ????) ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????
??????? ?? ????? ?????
z ??????, ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? 2020 ?? ????? ??? ?????? 2021 ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????
???? ??, ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????
z ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????-???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????
???
?????? ?????
z ?????:
? ???? (SAFAR) ???????? ???????? ??????? (Ministery of Earth Science- MoES) ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????-
???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???
? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????-????????? ??????? (Air Quality Early Warning System)
?? ?? ?????? ??? ???
? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????- ??????, ???????, ????????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ????, ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???????
???? ???
? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? SAFAR ?? ????? ???????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??
?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???
Page 3
??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????
????? ???? ?? ??????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? (2020) ??? 22% ??
??????? ?? ??? 15 ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
z ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ????? ?? ??????/?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ( Carbon dioxide- CO2) ??
????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???
z ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????
?? ?????????? ??, ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ?? ???????, ????? ???????????, ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????
?????? ?????
z ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????:
? ???????:
? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???
? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????
???? ???
? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??, ?? ?????? 2019 ???
1.82 ?????? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ??????? ?????
? ????? ?????? ?? ????:
? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???
? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? "????? ?????" ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????
?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????
? ??:
? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????
? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????
??, ????????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???
? ??????? ???? ?? ???????:
? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????
? ??? ????:
? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ????
? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????
z ????? ???????????:
? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????
? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? (Closed-Canopy Forests) ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? 28
????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????
? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? 200 ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???
? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? 20 ????? ?????????? ?? 35 ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???
? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????????, ??????, ????? ???????, ??? ???????, ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????
? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?????- ??????, ??????????, ????, ???????, ????????, ???????????, ?????? ??
???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? (Overseas Territory) ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???
? ????? ??????????? ???? 80% ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? 1/5 ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??
??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???-??? ????????? ????? ???? 30 ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???
? ????? ?????? 6 ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??, ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???
? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? 20% ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???
? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? 40% ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????, ????? ??? ????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????
?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???
z ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????:
? COP26 ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? 2030 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????
???? ???
? ??????? ????? ?? ???????, 2021 ??? ‘??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????????’ (Lowering Emissions by
Accelerating Forest Finance- LEAF) ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???
? REDD+ ???: ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??
?? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???
???
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? (The System of Air Quality and Weather
Forecasting And Research- SAFAR) ?? ??? ?????? ????? (??????, ????????, ????? ?? ????) ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????
??????? ?? ????? ?????
z ??????, ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? 2020 ?? ????? ??? ?????? 2021 ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????
???? ??, ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????
z ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????-???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????
???
?????? ?????
z ?????:
? ???? (SAFAR) ???????? ???????? ??????? (Ministery of Earth Science- MoES) ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????-
???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???
? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????-????????? ??????? (Air Quality Early Warning System)
?? ?? ?????? ??? ???
? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????- ??????, ???????, ????????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ????, ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???????
???? ???
? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? SAFAR ?? ????? ???????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??
?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???
z ????????? ?? ???????:
? ????? PM2.5, PM10, ????, ?????? ??????????? (CO), ???????? ??????? (NOx), ????? ?????????? (SO2),
??????, ???????, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????
z ??????? ?? ????????:
? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology- IITM) ????
????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? (India Meteorological Department-
IMD) ????? ???? ???? ???
? IITM ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ( Light Emitting Diode- LED) ?????? ????????? ?? ??
???-?????? (72 ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ?? ????) ?? ???? 24x7 ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????
(AQI) ?????? ???? ???
z ??????:
? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??
?? ?????
? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????
z ???????:
? ?????? ????, ????????, ???????? ?????, ???? ???????, ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????, ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???
??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???
???? ??????? ??????? (AQI):
z AQI ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???
z ?? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???
z AQI ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??:
? ??-????? ????
? PM10
? PM2.5
? ?????? ???????????
? ????? ??????????
? ???????? ??????????
? ???????
? ??? (????)
z ??-????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????
???? ????? ??????????: ???????? ??????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? 25 ???????, 2021 ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????
z 12 ???????, 2021 ?? COP-26 (????????? ?? ??????) ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????
????
z ????????? ?? ????? 10 ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???
Page 4
??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????
????? ???? ?? ??????
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? (2020) ??? 22% ??
??????? ?? ??? 15 ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????
z ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????, ????? ?? ??????/?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ( Carbon dioxide- CO2) ??
????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???
z ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????
?? ?????????? ??, ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ?? ???????, ????? ???????????, ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????
?????? ?????
z ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????:
? ???????:
? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???
? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????
???? ???
? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??, ?? ?????? 2019 ???
1.82 ?????? ?? ??-????? (???) ?? ??????? ?????
? ????? ?????? ?? ????:
? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???
? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? "????? ?????" ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????
?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????
? ??:
? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????
? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????
??, ????????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??, ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???
? ??????? ???? ?? ???????:
? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????
? ??? ????:
? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ????
? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????
z ????? ???????????:
? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????
? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? (Closed-Canopy Forests) ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? 28
????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????
? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????????? 200 ?????. ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???
? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? 20 ????? ?????????? ?? 35 ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???
? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????????, ??????, ????? ???????, ??? ???????, ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????
? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ?????- ??????, ??????????, ????, ???????, ????????, ???????????, ?????? ??
???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? (Overseas Territory) ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???
? ????? ??????????? ???? 80% ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? 1/5 ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??
??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ???-??? ????????? ????? ???? 30 ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???
? ????? ?????? 6 ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??, ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???
? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? 20% ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???
? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? 40% ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????, ????? ??? ????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????
?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???
z ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????:
? COP26 ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? 2030 ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????
???? ???
? ??????? ????? ?? ???????, 2021 ??? ‘??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????????’ (Lowering Emissions by
Accelerating Forest Finance- LEAF) ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???
? REDD+ ???: ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??
?? ???? ???? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???
???
????? ??? ?????
??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? (The System of Air Quality and Weather
Forecasting And Research- SAFAR) ?? ??? ?????? ????? (??????, ????????, ????? ?? ????) ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????
??????? ?? ????? ?????
z ??????, ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? 2020 ?? ????? ??? ?????? 2021 ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????
???? ??, ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??, ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????
z ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????-???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????
???
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?? ?? ?????? ??? ???
? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????- ??????, ???????, ????????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ????, ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???????
???? ???
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?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???
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??????, ???????, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????
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? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology- IITM) ????
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IMD) ????? ???? ???? ???
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(AQI) ?????? ???? ???
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? ???????? ??????????
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????
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? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ?????
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????? ???? ????????? ??? ????????
z ?????? ?? ?????? ????:
? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????, ?????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???
z ????????-???? ?? ????????:
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z ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ????????:
? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??
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Page 5
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? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ???? 20% ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???
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?? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???
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???? ???
? ??????? ????? ?? ???????, 2021 ??? ‘??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ????????’ (Lowering Emissions by
Accelerating Forest Finance- LEAF) ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???
? REDD+ ???: ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??
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??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? (The System of Air Quality and Weather
Forecasting And Research- SAFAR) ?? ??? ?????? ????? (??????, ????????, ????? ?? ????) ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????
??????? ?? ????? ?????
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z ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????-???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????
???
?????? ?????
z ?????:
? ???? (SAFAR) ???????? ???????? ??????? (Ministery of Earth Science- MoES) ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????-
???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???
? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????-????????? ??????? (Air Quality Early Warning System)
?? ?? ?????? ??? ???
? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????- ??????, ???????, ????????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ????, ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???????
???? ???
? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? SAFAR ?? ????? ???????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??
?? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???
z ????????? ?? ???????:
? ????? PM2.5, PM10, ????, ?????? ??????????? (CO), ???????? ??????? (NOx), ????? ?????????? (SO2),
??????, ???????, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????
z ??????? ?? ????????:
? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????? (Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology- IITM) ????
????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? (India Meteorological Department-
IMD) ????? ???? ???? ???
? IITM ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ( Light Emitting Diode- LED) ?????? ????????? ?? ??
???-?????? (72 ???? ?? ????? ????????????? ?? ????) ?? ???? 24x7 ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????
(AQI) ?????? ???? ???
z ??????:
? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??
?? ?????
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??? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???
???? ??????? ??????? (AQI):
z AQI ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???
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? ?????? ???????????
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????
z ????????? ?? ????? 10 ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???
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? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??-?????
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???? ????) ?? ????????? ?????? ??????
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? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ????-?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??
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???
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? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??
?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
????? ?? ????
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???? 33% ???? ?? ??-?? ??? ??? 0-2 ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ???
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Nov 22, 2024 Last updated |
Document Description: Environment and Ecology (पर्यावरण और पारिस्थितिकी): November 2021 UPSC Current Affairs for UPSC 2024 is part of पर्यावरण (Environment) for UPSC CSE in Hindi preparation.
The notes and questions for Environment and Ecology (पर्यावरण और पारिस्थितिकी): November 2021 UPSC Current Affairs have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Environment and Ecology (पर्यावरण और पारिस्थितिकी): November 2021 UPSC Current Affairs covers topics
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