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Page 1
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?????? ?????? ?? 01 ?????, 2021 ?? ???? 45??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? 1978 ??? ???? 7 ????? ?????????? ?? ???
?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? 156 ???? ?? 62 ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????,
???? 2025 ?? ???? ???? ??? 200 ????? ????????? ?? 80 ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???
??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????
????? ???? ‘??? ?????’ ?? ???? ‘?? ???? ???? ????’ ?????? ?????? ?? ?? 1977 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? 10,000 ?? ???? ????? ?? ???
????? ?? ??? ?? ???? 14,000 ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? (DGICG)
????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ????
???????? ??? ??? ‘T-81’
???? ?????? ????-2 ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? (IN FAC) ‘T-81’ ?? 20 ????? ?? ???? ??? ??
??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 28 ?????, 2021 ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????
?? ????? ?? 60 ?? ??????? ????? ??? 25 ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????
????????? ???? ??.??.??. ???? (???????????) ????? 05 ???, 1999 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? 45 ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???-
??? ???/??? ??????? ????, ??? ??? ????, ????? ?? ?? ???????, ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??
????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? (FAC) ?? ?????, ???, ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??, ?? ????-??? ????????, ???????
?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??-??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???
????? ?????
????????? 01 ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????
?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? 17 ?????, 1962 ??
??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? 1988 ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???
???? (NASA) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? 1991 ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? 1994 ??? ????
(NASA) ??? ???? ??????? ?????? (Astronauts) ??? ???? ???? ????? 1996 ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? STS-87 ??? ????
??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? 2000 ???
????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? STS-107 ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??
???? 01 ?????, 2003 ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???
‘??? 25’ ??????
????? ????? ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ?????? ??? ?????-?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???, ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????
‘??? 25’ ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? 95 ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? 25 ??????? ?????? ??
?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ‘????? ??????’ ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??, ?? ????? ???
???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????
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Page 2
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?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????
?????? ?????? ?? 01 ?????, 2021 ?? ???? 45??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? 1978 ??? ???? 7 ????? ?????????? ?? ???
?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? 156 ???? ?? 62 ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????,
???? 2025 ?? ???? ???? ??? 200 ????? ????????? ?? 80 ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???
??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????
????? ???? ‘??? ?????’ ?? ???? ‘?? ???? ???? ????’ ?????? ?????? ?? ?? 1977 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? 10,000 ?? ???? ????? ?? ???
????? ?? ??? ?? ???? 14,000 ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? (DGICG)
????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ????
???????? ??? ??? ‘T-81’
???? ?????? ????-2 ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? (IN FAC) ‘T-81’ ?? 20 ????? ?? ???? ??? ??
??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 28 ?????, 2021 ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????
?? ????? ?? 60 ?? ??????? ????? ??? 25 ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????
????????? ???? ??.??.??. ???? (???????????) ????? 05 ???, 1999 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? 45 ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???-
??? ???/??? ??????? ????, ??? ??? ????, ????? ?? ?? ???????, ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??
????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? (FAC) ?? ?????, ???, ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??, ?? ????-??? ????????, ???????
?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??-??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???
????? ?????
????????? 01 ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????
?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? 17 ?????, 1962 ??
??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? 1988 ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???
???? (NASA) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? 1991 ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? 1994 ??? ????
(NASA) ??? ???? ??????? ?????? (Astronauts) ??? ???? ???? ????? 1996 ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? STS-87 ??? ????
??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? 2000 ???
????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? STS-107 ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??
???? 01 ?????, 2003 ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???
‘??? 25’ ??????
????? ????? ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ?????? ??? ?????-?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???, ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????
‘??? 25’ ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? 95 ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? 25 ??????? ?????? ??
?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ‘????? ??????’ ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??, ?? ????? ???
???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????
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????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? 02 ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????
?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? 1971 ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ‘??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????
?????????’ (????? ???????) ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? 02 ?????, 1997 ?? ????? ?????? ??
16 ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????
?????? ???? ??? ???? 2021 ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??- ‘????????? ?? ???’ ???? 2020 ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??- 2020- ‘?????????
?? ??? ????????’ ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? (Wetland) ??? ???? ??? ?????, ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????
????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???
?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??
??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???
?????? ????????? ????
????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? 679 ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????
???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? BOOT ???? (????, ??, ????? ??? ???????) ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????????
??? 679 ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? 1 ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????,
??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????
?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ‘????? ????? ?????’ (IBN) ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????-?????????
???????? (P3) ???????? ???? ??, ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????- ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???
????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
??????? 1.0
??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ‘??????? ????????’ ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????
??? ‘??????? 1.0’ ??? ?? ?? ????? (?????) ?????? 20 ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? 250 ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??????
8 ???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????, ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???-???? ???-?????? ?? ???? ??? ??
??????-???? ??, ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????
??? ??? ??????, ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???
????-????? ??? ?? ???????????
??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????
‘????-????? ??? ?? ???????????’ ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? 2021-2022 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ‘????-????? ???
?? ???????????’ ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????: (1) ???????? ??????, (2) ?????? ????????, (3) ??? ??????? ??????,
(4) ???? ???? ????? ?? (5) ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????
?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???
?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 26 ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???
???? ???
?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????????
????? ?? ??????, ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????
???????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? 2005 ?? ???? 2020 ?? ?????????
??? ?????? ???????? (IDA) ?? ‘????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? (STPI) ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????
??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? (MIT) ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??, ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????????
?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? (NASA) ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ???????
Page 3
????? ?????
?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????
?????? ?????? ?? 01 ?????, 2021 ?? ???? 45??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? 1978 ??? ???? 7 ????? ?????????? ?? ???
?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? 156 ???? ?? 62 ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????,
???? 2025 ?? ???? ???? ??? 200 ????? ????????? ?? 80 ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???
??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????
????? ???? ‘??? ?????’ ?? ???? ‘?? ???? ???? ????’ ?????? ?????? ?? ?? 1977 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? 10,000 ?? ???? ????? ?? ???
????? ?? ??? ?? ???? 14,000 ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? (DGICG)
????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ????
???????? ??? ??? ‘T-81’
???? ?????? ????-2 ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? (IN FAC) ‘T-81’ ?? 20 ????? ?? ???? ??? ??
??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 28 ?????, 2021 ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????
?? ????? ?? 60 ?? ??????? ????? ??? 25 ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????
????????? ???? ??.??.??. ???? (???????????) ????? 05 ???, 1999 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? 45 ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???-
??? ???/??? ??????? ????, ??? ??? ????, ????? ?? ?? ???????, ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??
????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? (FAC) ?? ?????, ???, ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??, ?? ????-??? ????????, ???????
?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??-??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???
????? ?????
????????? 01 ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????
?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? 17 ?????, 1962 ??
??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? 1988 ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???
???? (NASA) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? 1991 ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? 1994 ??? ????
(NASA) ??? ???? ??????? ?????? (Astronauts) ??? ???? ???? ????? 1996 ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? STS-87 ??? ????
??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? 2000 ???
????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? STS-107 ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??
???? 01 ?????, 2003 ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???
‘??? 25’ ??????
????? ????? ?? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ?????? ??? ?????-?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???, ?? ????????? ???? ?? ????
‘??? 25’ ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? 95 ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? 25 ??????? ?????? ??
?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??, ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ‘????? ??????’ ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??, ?? ????? ???
???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????
???? ???
???? ?????????? ????
????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? 02 ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????
?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? 1971 ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ‘??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????
?????????’ (????? ???????) ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? 02 ?????, 1997 ?? ????? ?????? ??
16 ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????
?????? ???? ??? ???? 2021 ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??- ‘????????? ?? ???’ ???? 2020 ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??- 2020- ‘?????????
?? ??? ????????’ ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? (Wetland) ??? ???? ??? ?????, ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????
????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???
?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??
??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???
?????? ????????? ????
????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? 679 ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????
???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? BOOT ???? (????, ??, ????? ??? ???????) ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????????
??? 679 ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? 1 ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????,
??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????????
?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ‘????? ????? ?????’ (IBN) ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????-?????????
???????? (P3) ???????? ???? ??, ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????- ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???
????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
??????? 1.0
??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ‘??????? ????????’ ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????
??? ‘??????? 1.0’ ??? ?? ?? ????? (?????) ?????? 20 ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? 250 ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??????
8 ???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????, ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???-???? ???-?????? ?? ???? ??? ??
??????-???? ??, ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????
??? ??? ??????, ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???
????-????? ??? ?? ???????????
??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????
‘????-????? ??? ?? ???????????’ ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? 2021-2022 ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ‘????-????? ???
?? ???????????’ ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????: (1) ???????? ??????, (2) ?????? ????????, (3) ??? ??????? ??????,
(4) ???? ???? ????? ?? (5) ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????
?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???
?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 26 ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???
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???????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? 2005 ?? ???? 2020 ?? ?????????
??? ?????? ???????? (IDA) ?? ‘????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????????? (STPI) ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????
??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? (MIT) ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??, ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????????
?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? (NASA) ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ???????
?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???-??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ???? 1958 ??? ?????? ????
??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????, ???? (???????) ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? 1961 ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??
????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? 20 ?????, 1969 ?? ??? ?????????? ????? 11 ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????
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?? ???? ??, ???? ???? 2017 ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??
?????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????
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????? ??? ?? 20 ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? 1000 ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???
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‘???????? ?????????’ ?? ‘?????????’ ??? ?? ???? 2020 ?? ???? ‘????? ???? ?? ? ???’ ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? 2019 ?? ????
‘???????’ ?? ‘????? ???? ?? ? ???’ ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??, ?????? ?? ??? ???? 2019 ??? ???????? ???, ???????? 370 ?? ???
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?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? 2020
?? ???? ‘?????????’ ??? ?? ???? ??, ?????? ???? 2020 ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? 2021 ?? ??????? ??? ???
?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? 2020 ??? ???????????? ?? COVID-19 ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??
‘???????????’ ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???
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??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? 2022 ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? 100 ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??
???? ???? ?? ???? '?? ?? ????, ?? ?? ????' ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???
????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? 920 ???? ???? ????
Page 4
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?????? ?????? ?? 01 ?????, 2021 ?? ???? 45??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? 1978 ??? ???? 7 ????? ?????????? ?? ???
?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? 156 ???? ?? 62 ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????,
???? 2025 ?? ???? ???? ??? 200 ????? ????????? ?? 80 ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???
??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????
????? ???? ‘??? ?????’ ?? ???? ‘?? ???? ???? ????’ ?????? ?????? ?? ?? 1977 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? 10,000 ?? ???? ????? ?? ???
????? ?? ??? ?? ???? 14,000 ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? (DGICG)
????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
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??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 28 ?????, 2021 ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????
?? ????? ?? 60 ?? ??????? ????? ??? 25 ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????
????????? ???? ??.??.??. ???? (???????????) ????? 05 ???, 1999 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? 45 ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???-
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?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??-??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???
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??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? 1988 ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???
???? (NASA) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? 1991 ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? 1994 ??? ????
(NASA) ??? ???? ??????? ?????? (Astronauts) ??? ???? ???? ????? 1996 ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? STS-87 ??? ????
??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? 2000 ???
????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? STS-107 ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??
???? 01 ?????, 2003 ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???
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?? ???????????’ ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????: (1) ???????? ??????, (2) ?????? ????????, (3) ??? ??????? ??????,
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?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???-??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ???? 1958 ??? ?????? ????
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?????? ?? ????? 1-5 ?????, 2021 ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ‘??? ??????’ ??????? ???????, ????, ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????
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‘???????’ ?? ‘????? ???? ?? ? ???’ ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??, ?????? ?? ??? ???? 2019 ??? ???????? ???, ???????? 370 ?? ???
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?? ???? ‘?????????’ ??? ?? ???? ??, ?????? ???? 2020 ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? 2021 ?? ??????? ??? ???
?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? 2020 ??? ???????????? ?? COVID-19 ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??
‘???????????’ ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???
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???? ???? ?? ???? '?? ?? ????, ?? ?? ????' ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???
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?? ???? ???? ?? 85 ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? 172 ??????, 121 ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? 144 ?? ????????? ??????? ????
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2 ?????, 2021 ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ‘????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????’
(CWCM) ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????, ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????
(MoEF&CC) ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? (NCSCM) ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? (CWCM)
????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????
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?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????????, ???? ??????????, ????????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ???? ?? ‘????? ??’ ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????
?????, ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??
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?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? 25 ?????, 1984 ?? ???????
??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? 2009 ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????? T20 ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??
??? ??? 2010 ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???, ????? ??? ???? 2010 ??? ????? ????? ?? ??
???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? 116 ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??? 420 ????? ????? ????
????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? 13 ???????? ?? 9 T20 ??? ?? ????, ?????? ??????? ????? 12 ?? 17 ????? ?????? ?????
?????’ ??????
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?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???-??-??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????-III ?? ?????? ????, ?? 2,750 ???????? ??
???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???
Page 5
????? ?????
?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????
?????? ?????? ?? 01 ?????, 2021 ?? ???? 45??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? 1978 ??? ???? 7 ????? ?????????? ?? ???
?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? 156 ???? ?? 62 ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????,
???? 2025 ?? ???? ???? ??? 200 ????? ????????? ?? 80 ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???
??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ????
????? ???? ‘??? ?????’ ?? ???? ‘?? ???? ???? ????’ ?????? ?????? ?? ?? 1977 ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? 10,000 ?? ???? ????? ?? ???
????? ?? ??? ?? ???? 14,000 ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? (DGICG)
????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
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???????? ??? ??? ‘T-81’
???? ?????? ????-2 ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? (IN FAC) ‘T-81’ ?? 20 ????? ?? ???? ??? ??
??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 28 ?????, 2021 ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????
?? ????? ?? 60 ?? ??????? ????? ??? 25 ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????
????????? ???? ??.??.??. ???? (???????????) ????? 05 ???, 1999 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? 45 ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???-
??? ???/??? ??????? ????, ??? ??? ????, ????? ?? ?? ???????, ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??
????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? (FAC) ?? ?????, ???, ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??, ?? ????-??? ????????, ???????
?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??-??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???
????? ?????
????????? 01 ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????
?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? 17 ?????, 1962 ??
??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???? 1988 ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ???
???? (NASA) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? 1991 ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? 1994 ??? ????
(NASA) ??? ???? ??????? ?????? (Astronauts) ??? ???? ???? ????? 1996 ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? STS-87 ??? ????
??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???, ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? 2000 ???
????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? STS-107 ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??
???? 01 ?????, 2003 ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???
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?????????’ (????? ???????) ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? 02 ?????, 1997 ?? ????? ?????? ??
16 ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????
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?? ??? ????????’ ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? (Wetland) ??? ???? ??? ?????, ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????
????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???
?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??
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???????? (P3) ???????? ???? ??, ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????- ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???
????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
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8 ???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????, ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???-???? ???-?????? ?? ???? ??? ??
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??? ??? ??????, ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???
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??????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ????????? (MIT) ?? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??, ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????????
?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? (NASA) ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ???????
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????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? 20 ?????, 1969 ?? ??? ?????????? ????? 11 ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????
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?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ‘?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????’
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?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??, ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????- ?????, ???, ??? ?? ????
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????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? (???????) ????? ???? ???? ??? ???
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?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??-??? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????,
??? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????,
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?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? - ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ‘? ????? ??? ????????
?????????’ ????? ?????? ?? 20??? ???? ?????? ??, ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????
????? ?? ???????????? ?? ????? ???-??? ????? ?? ??????, ?????? ????????, ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???
????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????, ?? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????
?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???, ????? ??? ???? ?? ???????????? ???? ??????, ??????
?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ??-??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
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Miscellaneous (विविध): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs Notes
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Miscellaneous (विविध): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs UPSC Questions
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The content of Miscellaneous (विविध): February 2021 UPSC Current Affairs is prepared as per the latest UPSC syllabus.
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