सामन्य ज्ञान (भाग -1) - संशोधन नोटस, भारतीय राजव्यवस्था | Revision Notes for UPSC Hindi PDF Download

 Page 1


uohure p£pr iqLrdsa
tokgj yky usg: ,l- xksiky
bafM;k% n lht fonhu ,e- ts- vdcj
lsDl eSMksuk
bu lpZ vkiQ xkaèkh fjpMZ ,Vucjks
ekbZ ykbiQ LVªxy vCnqy xiQkj [kka
oSQu ikfdLrku ljokbo rkfjd vyh
, lksYtj fjdkYl ysÝV- tujy ,l- osQ flUgk
Mk;uk% gj Vw LVksjh ,aMª;w eksxZu
ekbZ CyhfMax iatkc [kq'koar flag
ihl gSt uks vkYVjusfVo fe[kkby xksckZpkso
n ijispqvy isjkMkDl 'kf'kczr
bafM;kt csfMV Dohu ekyk lsu
n flVh vkiQ tkW; Mksfefud ySfi;j
fozQ;s'kal e`.kkfyuh lkjkHkkbZ
,unj ykbiQ Msjsd okydV
iWQky vkiQ LiSjks lyhe vyh
vkbZ- fjxksoVh fjxkscVkZ esapw
vxsuLV n xzsu cksfjl ;sYrflu
fn ysV cqtqvkZ@cxZjlZ MkVj@ekbZ lal LVksjh ukfnu xk£Mej
L;qVsfcy ckW;@ xksYMsu xsV fcozQe lsB
fon Fkzh izkbfefuLVlZ% usg: bafnjk ,aM jktho Vh- ,u- 'ks"ku
jktho lksfu;k xkaèkh
psruk osQ L=kksr Mk- 'kadj n;ky 'kekZ
gekjk lkaLo`Qfrd èkjksgj Mk- 'kadj n;ky 'kekZ
y”tk rLyhek uljhu
cLrh bartkj gqlSu
n Mkmfuax LVªhV b;lZ ekjxzsV FkSpj
Vkj csch@ fcyosM@ Oyq,LV vkbZ Vksuh ekjhlu
bafM;u oaQVªksolhZt% ,lst vkWu fjyhtu v#.k 'kkSjh
vkijs'ku CywLVkj% Vªww LVksjh ysfÝV tujy- osQ- ,l- cjkj
rgjhd&,&eqtkfgíhu Mk- lkfnd gqlSu
fefuLVlZ ,aM n ik£y;kesaV Mk;uk cqMgkml
n uank nsoh visQ;j fcy ,Vfdu
f'kaMylZ fyLV Fkkel dksuksyh
, os bu fbn oYMZ oh- ,l- usikWy
bafM;k gkml oqQynhi uS;j
n 'kSMks ykbal vfHkrkHk ?kks"k
ekbZ oaQVªh ,aM n oYMZ vkanzsbZ l[kykso
n LVksysu ykbV osn esgrk
ekbZ izQkstu VcqZysal bu d'ehj txeksgu
Mkmu n eseksjh ysu enj Vsjslk
izQhMe izQke fiQ;j vkax lku lw D;h
fnYyh [kq'koar flag
flLVlZ@ LVªst vkcls'ku 'kksHkk Ms
fgfVax ,ozQkl n ykbu fcfo;u fjpMªZl
n LVsV vkiQ ek'kZy :y vk;'kk tyky
n ykLV oMZu mieU;q pVthZ
bu , xzhu ukbV@ vksesjkl Msjsd ckydV
ekbZ Ý;qMy ykMZ rgfluk nqjkZuh
n ,f.Vd ySaM vferkHk ?kks"k
Jh jkèkk jekoaQkr jFk
enj Vsjslk uohu pkoyk
MkWVj vkiQ n bZLV csuthj HkqV~Vks
uhyk pkan f'ko izlkn flag
n U;w izQke n ozQsefyu cksfjl ;sYrflu
CykbaM eSu vkiQ fganqLrku tujy osQ- lqnajth
n ykbax Mst ukfnu ekfMZej
ekbZ izlhMsaf'k;y b;lZ vkj osfdaVjeu
, gVZiqQy vkiQ cMZu Vh- ,u- 'ks"ku
fMtsusjs'ku vkiQ bafM;k Vh- ,u- 'ks"ku
:[k rs ½f"k gjHktu flag
n ykax 'kSMks Losrykuk ,fyy;q;sok
'ks"ku% ,u bUVhesV LVksjh osQ- xksfcanu oqQV~Vh
fc;ksaM ihl fjpMZ fuDlu
LosaQosatlZ vkbZt f'ko'kadj fiYybZ
fc;ksaM n ckj Mk- lhrkdkar egkik=k
n fiQYch iQkbaYl tsufjd cksjksfcd
gsM~l ,aM VsYl esudk xkaèkh
dkuDofjax d'ehj% , ikfdLrkuh vkc'ks'ku osQ- osQ- uank
n MsFk vkiQ n ghjks eqYoaQjkt vkuan
yksx okd , izQhMe usYlu eaMsyk
dksjkusj ukjh rLyhek uljhu
dfiy nso% Vªk;EiQ 'kkseSu jkseh nso
fjesEcfjax jktho ef.k'kadj vÕ;kj
bafM;k] ikfdLrku ,aM n d'ehj Vªk;axy izk.k pksiM+k
jkt diwj% n iSQcqyl 'kkseSu cuh :csu
'kqfVax izQke n fgi 'kksHkk Ms
d'ehj% , VªstsMh vkiQ ,jlZ rcyhu flag
iwQyu bjhu izsQu
n fgUnq isQuksesuu fxfjyky tSu
cksuZ Vq ooZQ ukjh cqjkZ
ekbZ b;lZ Fkzq jkt Vq Lojkt Vh- ,u- dkSy
Leky fczVªs;y 'kksHkk Ms
ekbZ b;lZ foFk viq lR;ftr jk;
fc;ksaM d'ehj lyeku [kq'khZn
Vqeksjks bt Vw ysV fiQnsy dkL=kksa
bZLV&osLV lyeku #'nh
fjokbOM dkelw=k fjpMZ dkL=kk
eqfLye ykW ,aM n dkafLVV~;w'ku U;k;ew£r ,- ,e- HkV~Vkpk;Z
ykLV iq'k iQkj n lkmFk Cykfnehj ftjuksoLdh
vkoj Xykscy uscjgqM (la-) baxcj dkyZlu o Jhnèk jkeiQy
Page 2


uohure p£pr iqLrdsa
tokgj yky usg: ,l- xksiky
bafM;k% n lht fonhu ,e- ts- vdcj
lsDl eSMksuk
bu lpZ vkiQ xkaèkh fjpMZ ,Vucjks
ekbZ ykbiQ LVªxy vCnqy xiQkj [kka
oSQu ikfdLrku ljokbo rkfjd vyh
, lksYtj fjdkYl ysÝV- tujy ,l- osQ flUgk
Mk;uk% gj Vw LVksjh ,aMª;w eksxZu
ekbZ CyhfMax iatkc [kq'koar flag
ihl gSt uks vkYVjusfVo fe[kkby xksckZpkso
n ijispqvy isjkMkDl 'kf'kczr
bafM;kt csfMV Dohu ekyk lsu
n flVh vkiQ tkW; Mksfefud ySfi;j
fozQ;s'kal e`.kkfyuh lkjkHkkbZ
,unj ykbiQ Msjsd okydV
iWQky vkiQ LiSjks lyhe vyh
vkbZ- fjxksoVh fjxkscVkZ esapw
vxsuLV n xzsu cksfjl ;sYrflu
fn ysV cqtqvkZ@cxZjlZ MkVj@ekbZ lal LVksjh ukfnu xk£Mej
L;qVsfcy ckW;@ xksYMsu xsV fcozQe lsB
fon Fkzh izkbfefuLVlZ% usg: bafnjk ,aM jktho Vh- ,u- 'ks"ku
jktho lksfu;k xkaèkh
psruk osQ L=kksr Mk- 'kadj n;ky 'kekZ
gekjk lkaLo`Qfrd èkjksgj Mk- 'kadj n;ky 'kekZ
y”tk rLyhek uljhu
cLrh bartkj gqlSu
n Mkmfuax LVªhV b;lZ ekjxzsV FkSpj
Vkj csch@ fcyosM@ Oyq,LV vkbZ Vksuh ekjhlu
bafM;u oaQVªksolhZt% ,lst vkWu fjyhtu v#.k 'kkSjh
vkijs'ku CywLVkj% Vªww LVksjh ysfÝV tujy- osQ- ,l- cjkj
rgjhd&,&eqtkfgíhu Mk- lkfnd gqlSu
fefuLVlZ ,aM n ik£y;kesaV Mk;uk cqMgkml
n uank nsoh visQ;j fcy ,Vfdu
f'kaMylZ fyLV Fkkel dksuksyh
, os bu fbn oYMZ oh- ,l- usikWy
bafM;k gkml oqQynhi uS;j
n 'kSMks ykbal vfHkrkHk ?kks"k
ekbZ oaQVªh ,aM n oYMZ vkanzsbZ l[kykso
n LVksysu ykbV osn esgrk
ekbZ izQkstu VcqZysal bu d'ehj txeksgu
Mkmu n eseksjh ysu enj Vsjslk
izQhMe izQke fiQ;j vkax lku lw D;h
fnYyh [kq'koar flag
flLVlZ@ LVªst vkcls'ku 'kksHkk Ms
fgfVax ,ozQkl n ykbu fcfo;u fjpMªZl
n LVsV vkiQ ek'kZy :y vk;'kk tyky
n ykLV oMZu mieU;q pVthZ
bu , xzhu ukbV@ vksesjkl Msjsd ckydV
ekbZ Ý;qMy ykMZ rgfluk nqjkZuh
n ,f.Vd ySaM vferkHk ?kks"k
Jh jkèkk jekoaQkr jFk
enj Vsjslk uohu pkoyk
MkWVj vkiQ n bZLV csuthj HkqV~Vks
uhyk pkan f'ko izlkn flag
n U;w izQke n ozQsefyu cksfjl ;sYrflu
CykbaM eSu vkiQ fganqLrku tujy osQ- lqnajth
n ykbax Mst ukfnu ekfMZej
ekbZ izlhMsaf'k;y b;lZ vkj osfdaVjeu
, gVZiqQy vkiQ cMZu Vh- ,u- 'ks"ku
fMtsusjs'ku vkiQ bafM;k Vh- ,u- 'ks"ku
:[k rs ½f"k gjHktu flag
n ykax 'kSMks Losrykuk ,fyy;q;sok
'ks"ku% ,u bUVhesV LVksjh osQ- xksfcanu oqQV~Vh
fc;ksaM ihl fjpMZ fuDlu
LosaQosatlZ vkbZt f'ko'kadj fiYybZ
fc;ksaM n ckj Mk- lhrkdkar egkik=k
n fiQYch iQkbaYl tsufjd cksjksfcd
gsM~l ,aM VsYl esudk xkaèkh
dkuDofjax d'ehj% , ikfdLrkuh vkc'ks'ku osQ- osQ- uank
n MsFk vkiQ n ghjks eqYoaQjkt vkuan
yksx okd , izQhMe usYlu eaMsyk
dksjkusj ukjh rLyhek uljhu
dfiy nso% Vªk;EiQ 'kkseSu jkseh nso
fjesEcfjax jktho ef.k'kadj vÕ;kj
bafM;k] ikfdLrku ,aM n d'ehj Vªk;axy izk.k pksiM+k
jkt diwj% n iSQcqyl 'kkseSu cuh :csu
'kqfVax izQke n fgi 'kksHkk Ms
d'ehj% , VªstsMh vkiQ ,jlZ rcyhu flag
iwQyu bjhu izsQu
n fgUnq isQuksesuu fxfjyky tSu
cksuZ Vq ooZQ ukjh cqjkZ
ekbZ b;lZ Fkzq jkt Vq Lojkt Vh- ,u- dkSy
Leky fczVªs;y 'kksHkk Ms
ekbZ b;lZ foFk viq lR;ftr jk;
fc;ksaM d'ehj lyeku [kq'khZn
Vqeksjks bt Vw ysV fiQnsy dkL=kksa
bZLV&osLV lyeku #'nh
fjokbOM dkelw=k fjpMZ dkL=kk
eqfLye ykW ,aM n dkafLVV~;w'ku U;k;ew£r ,- ,e- HkV~Vkpk;Z
ykLV iq'k iQkj n lkmFk Cykfnehj ftjuksoLdh
vkoj Xykscy uscjgqM (la-) baxcj dkyZlu o Jhnèk jkeiQy
O;fDr;ksa ds miuke
miuke okLrfod uke
yksdekU; cky xaxkèkj fryd
egkRek@ckiw@jk"Vªfirk@uSosQM iQdhj eksgunkl djepUn xkaèkh
usrkth lqHkk"k panz cksl
xq#nso@ dfoxq#@fo'o dfo johanz ukFk VSxksj
ns'kcaèkq fpÙkjatu nkl
vUuk lh-,u-vUuknqjs
^lh- vkj-@jktkth pozQorhZ jktxksikykpkjh
pkpk@iafMrth tokgj yky usg:
ts- ih-*@yksduk;d t;izdk'k ukjk;.k
'kkafriq#"k yky cgknqj 'kkL=kh
iatkc osQ'kjh@'ksj&,&iatkc ykyk yktir jk;
xq#th ,e-,l- xksyoydj
egkeuk enu eksgu ekyoh;
LiSjks estj tujy jkftUnj flagth
'ksj&,&d'ehj 'ks[k eksgEen vCnqYyk
Hkkjr dksfdyk ljksftuh uk;Mq
vkUèkz osQ'kjh Vh- izdk'ke
Vh- Vh- osQ- Vh- Vh- o`Q".kekpkjh
ykSgiq#"k@ljnkj cYyHk HkkbZ iVsy
caxcUèkq 'ks[k eqthcqjZgeku
d'ehj dk vdcj tSu&my&vkcsnhu
xjhc uokt [oktk eqbuqíhu fp'rh
egcwc&, bykgh 'ks[k futkeqíhu vkSfy;k
Hkkjrh; bfrgkl osQ u`i&fuekZrk lS;n cUèkq (vCnqYyk [kk¡ rFkk
gqlSu vyh [kk¡)
rwrh,&fgUn vehj [kqljks
Hkkjrh; iqutkZxj.k osQ izHkkr&u{k=k jktk jkeeksgu jk;
fojksèkkHkklksa dk feJ.k eqgEen fcu rqxyd
Hkkjrh; eSfd;kosyh pk.kD; (vU; uke&dkSfVY; ,oa fo".kqxqIr)
Hkkjr dk usiksfy;u leqnzxqIr
Hkkjr dk 'ksDlfi;j egkdfo dkfynkl
yk[kc['k oqQrqcqíhu ,scd
iatkc dk VSxksj iwju flag
fujkyk lw;ZdkUr f=kikBh
vKs; lfPpnkuUn ghjkuUn okRL;k;u
vkèkqfud ehjk Jherh egknsoh oekZ
'kghn&,&vkte ljnkj Hkxr flag
xSz.M vksYM eSu vWkiQ bf.M;k nknkHkkbZ ukSjksth
yky] cky] iky ykyk ykyirjk;] cky xaxkèkj fryd]
fofiupUnz iky
vady gks gks ph feUg
fyfVy dkiksZju@eSu vkiQ MsfLVuh usiksfy;u cksukikVZ
th- ch- ,l- tktZ cukZMZ 'kk
fotkMZ vkWiQ n ukFkZ okYVj LdkWV
xzS.M dkWeuj ;axj fiV
Ý;wgj ,MksYiQ fgVyj
ckn'kkg [kku@lhekUr xkaèkh e£Vu ywFkj fdax (twfu;j)
izQkal dk xk¡èkh fi;js isjksMh
bVyh dk xk¡èkh Msfuyks Mkylh
M~;wdAA csfuVks eqlksfyuh
nhucaèkq lh- ,iQ- ,.Mª;wt
vk;ju M~;wd M~;wd vkWiQ csfyaxVu
vkbd M~okbV MsfoM vkbtugkoj
foaQx esdj vyZ vkiQ ok£od
iQknj vkWiQ bafXy'k iks;Vªh T;kSizQh pkSlj
esM vkWiQ vkW£y,al tkWu vkWiQ vkoZQ
,y dkmfMYyks izaQkflLdks izSaQdk
ysMh fon n ySai Ýyksjasl ukbfVaxsy
MstVZ iQkWDl b£ou jksesy
eSu vkWiQ CyM ,aM vk;ju vkWV~Vks okWu fcLekoZQ
esMsu Dohu Dohu ,fytkcsFk II
fcx cMZ tks,y xkuZj
ekLVj CykLVj fofo;u fjpM~lZ
áweu yksdkseksfVo ,fey tSVid
lqij oSQV Dykbo yk;M
ekrkgfj xjnzqM Vsyh
duZy fnyhi casxljdj
ekoZQ V~osu lSeq,y ykaxgkuZ Dysesal
xzS.M vksYMeSu vkWiQ fczVsu fofy;e ,okVZ XySMLVksu
osQ- vkWiQ osQ- fdpuj vkWiQ [kkrZwe
yh Doku iyZ ,l- cd
isys@CySd Mk;eaM ,Mlu vjkaVst Mh ukflesaVks
egkRek xkaèkh osQ i¡kposa iq=k teuk yky ctkt
jktLFkku dh e# dksfdyk xcjh nsoh
jktLFkku osQ xkaèkh xksoqQy HkkbZ HkV~V
ckxM+ osQ xk¡èkh Hkksxhyky ik.M~;k
Lokeh foosdkuan ujsanz ukFk nÙk
fyfVy ekLVj lquhy xkoLdj
gfj;k.kk gfjosQu dfiy nso
gkdh osQ tknwxj è;ku pan
fnyhi oqQekj ;qlqiQ [kku
u£xl tíu ckbZ
xqtjkr tud jfo'kadj egkjkt
fonzksgh dfo dkth ut:y bLyke
fo|klkxj bZ'ojpanz fo|klkxj
caxky dk ck?k vk'kqrks"k eq[kth
ns'kfiz; ;rhUnz eksgu lsuxqIr
dqN vU; miuke
toku Hkkjrh; lSfud
th-vkbZ- vesfjdu lSfud
Vkeh ,V~fdUl fczfV'k lSfud
iwyw izsaQp lSfud
tkWu cqy vaxzst yksx
;k¡dh U;w;koZQ dk fuoklh
eSUMfju phuh vfèkdkjh
Page 3


uohure p£pr iqLrdsa
tokgj yky usg: ,l- xksiky
bafM;k% n lht fonhu ,e- ts- vdcj
lsDl eSMksuk
bu lpZ vkiQ xkaèkh fjpMZ ,Vucjks
ekbZ ykbiQ LVªxy vCnqy xiQkj [kka
oSQu ikfdLrku ljokbo rkfjd vyh
, lksYtj fjdkYl ysÝV- tujy ,l- osQ flUgk
Mk;uk% gj Vw LVksjh ,aMª;w eksxZu
ekbZ CyhfMax iatkc [kq'koar flag
ihl gSt uks vkYVjusfVo fe[kkby xksckZpkso
n ijispqvy isjkMkDl 'kf'kczr
bafM;kt csfMV Dohu ekyk lsu
n flVh vkiQ tkW; Mksfefud ySfi;j
fozQ;s'kal e`.kkfyuh lkjkHkkbZ
,unj ykbiQ Msjsd okydV
iWQky vkiQ LiSjks lyhe vyh
vkbZ- fjxksoVh fjxkscVkZ esapw
vxsuLV n xzsu cksfjl ;sYrflu
fn ysV cqtqvkZ@cxZjlZ MkVj@ekbZ lal LVksjh ukfnu xk£Mej
L;qVsfcy ckW;@ xksYMsu xsV fcozQe lsB
fon Fkzh izkbfefuLVlZ% usg: bafnjk ,aM jktho Vh- ,u- 'ks"ku
jktho lksfu;k xkaèkh
psruk osQ L=kksr Mk- 'kadj n;ky 'kekZ
gekjk lkaLo`Qfrd èkjksgj Mk- 'kadj n;ky 'kekZ
y”tk rLyhek uljhu
cLrh bartkj gqlSu
n Mkmfuax LVªhV b;lZ ekjxzsV FkSpj
Vkj csch@ fcyosM@ Oyq,LV vkbZ Vksuh ekjhlu
bafM;u oaQVªksolhZt% ,lst vkWu fjyhtu v#.k 'kkSjh
vkijs'ku CywLVkj% Vªww LVksjh ysfÝV tujy- osQ- ,l- cjkj
rgjhd&,&eqtkfgíhu Mk- lkfnd gqlSu
fefuLVlZ ,aM n ik£y;kesaV Mk;uk cqMgkml
n uank nsoh visQ;j fcy ,Vfdu
f'kaMylZ fyLV Fkkel dksuksyh
, os bu fbn oYMZ oh- ,l- usikWy
bafM;k gkml oqQynhi uS;j
n 'kSMks ykbal vfHkrkHk ?kks"k
ekbZ oaQVªh ,aM n oYMZ vkanzsbZ l[kykso
n LVksysu ykbV osn esgrk
ekbZ izQkstu VcqZysal bu d'ehj txeksgu
Mkmu n eseksjh ysu enj Vsjslk
izQhMe izQke fiQ;j vkax lku lw D;h
fnYyh [kq'koar flag
flLVlZ@ LVªst vkcls'ku 'kksHkk Ms
fgfVax ,ozQkl n ykbu fcfo;u fjpMªZl
n LVsV vkiQ ek'kZy :y vk;'kk tyky
n ykLV oMZu mieU;q pVthZ
bu , xzhu ukbV@ vksesjkl Msjsd ckydV
ekbZ Ý;qMy ykMZ rgfluk nqjkZuh
n ,f.Vd ySaM vferkHk ?kks"k
Jh jkèkk jekoaQkr jFk
enj Vsjslk uohu pkoyk
MkWVj vkiQ n bZLV csuthj HkqV~Vks
uhyk pkan f'ko izlkn flag
n U;w izQke n ozQsefyu cksfjl ;sYrflu
CykbaM eSu vkiQ fganqLrku tujy osQ- lqnajth
n ykbax Mst ukfnu ekfMZej
ekbZ izlhMsaf'k;y b;lZ vkj osfdaVjeu
, gVZiqQy vkiQ cMZu Vh- ,u- 'ks"ku
fMtsusjs'ku vkiQ bafM;k Vh- ,u- 'ks"ku
:[k rs ½f"k gjHktu flag
n ykax 'kSMks Losrykuk ,fyy;q;sok
'ks"ku% ,u bUVhesV LVksjh osQ- xksfcanu oqQV~Vh
fc;ksaM ihl fjpMZ fuDlu
LosaQosatlZ vkbZt f'ko'kadj fiYybZ
fc;ksaM n ckj Mk- lhrkdkar egkik=k
n fiQYch iQkbaYl tsufjd cksjksfcd
gsM~l ,aM VsYl esudk xkaèkh
dkuDofjax d'ehj% , ikfdLrkuh vkc'ks'ku osQ- osQ- uank
n MsFk vkiQ n ghjks eqYoaQjkt vkuan
yksx okd , izQhMe usYlu eaMsyk
dksjkusj ukjh rLyhek uljhu
dfiy nso% Vªk;EiQ 'kkseSu jkseh nso
fjesEcfjax jktho ef.k'kadj vÕ;kj
bafM;k] ikfdLrku ,aM n d'ehj Vªk;axy izk.k pksiM+k
jkt diwj% n iSQcqyl 'kkseSu cuh :csu
'kqfVax izQke n fgi 'kksHkk Ms
d'ehj% , VªstsMh vkiQ ,jlZ rcyhu flag
iwQyu bjhu izsQu
n fgUnq isQuksesuu fxfjyky tSu
cksuZ Vq ooZQ ukjh cqjkZ
ekbZ b;lZ Fkzq jkt Vq Lojkt Vh- ,u- dkSy
Leky fczVªs;y 'kksHkk Ms
ekbZ b;lZ foFk viq lR;ftr jk;
fc;ksaM d'ehj lyeku [kq'khZn
Vqeksjks bt Vw ysV fiQnsy dkL=kksa
bZLV&osLV lyeku #'nh
fjokbOM dkelw=k fjpMZ dkL=kk
eqfLye ykW ,aM n dkafLVV~;w'ku U;k;ew£r ,- ,e- HkV~Vkpk;Z
ykLV iq'k iQkj n lkmFk Cykfnehj ftjuksoLdh
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Page 4


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eDdk@enhuk eksgEen lkgc
VsªiQyuxj usylu
ckVjyw usiksfy;u
ckjnksyh ljnkj cYyHk HkkbZ iVsy
fpÙkkSM+x<+@gYnh?kkVh egkjk.kk izrki
jkt?kkV@iksjcanj@ lkcjerh@iQhfuDl iQkeZ egkRek xkaèkh
tkfy;kaokyk ckx tujy Mk;j
ioukj vkJe vkpk;Z fouksck Hkkos
csywj Lokeh jkeo`Q".k ijegal
iQrsgiqj lhdjh vdcj
vksjsfcys vjfoan ?kks"k
lnkdr vkJe Mk- jktsUnz izlkn
vkuan ou ckck vkEVs
fueZy ân; enj Vsjslk
egku ÑR; ,oa lacafèkr O;fDr
o`QR; O;fDr
'kkfUr  fuosQru dh LFkkiuk jchanzukFk VSxksj
vksjsfoys vkJe dh LFkkiuk vjfoan ?kks"k
Lojkt ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk eksrh yky usg#
teZu lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk dkmaV fcLekoZQ
Hkkjr esa dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk ,e- ,u- jk;
bLyke èkeZ dh LFkkiuk eksgEen lkgc
jSM xkM~lZ dh LFkkiuk xsjhckYMh
vesfjdh esa nkl izFkk dk mUewyu vczkge fyadu
,sf'k;kfVd lkslkbVh fofy;e tksal
csywj eB Lokeh foosdkuan
fFk;sklksfiQdy lkslkbVh eSMe  CykoVLdh
bf.M;u ,lksfl,'ku lqjsUnz ukFk cuthZ
Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl ,- vks- áwe
losZUV~l vkWiQ bafM;k lkslkbVh xksiky o`Q".k xks[ksy
eqfLye yhx lyheqYyk ,oa vkxk [kka
gkse:y yhx cky xaxkèkj fryd
[kqnkbZ f[knerxkj [kku vCnqy xÝiQkj [kku
iQkjoMZ Cykd lqHkk"kpanz cksl
lkbafVfiQd lkslkbVh lj lS;n vgen [kka
HkfÙkQ vkanksyu pSrU; egkizHkq
nhu&,&bykgh vdcj
czá lekt jktk jkeeksgu jk;
vk;Z lekt Lokeh n;kuan
fl[k èkeZ xq# ukud
izkFkZuk lekt osQ'ko panz lsu
'kd laor~ dfu"d
foèkok fookg bZ'ojpanz fo|klkxj
U;k; n'kZu eg£"k xkSre
lka[; n'kZu eg£"k dfiy
;ksx n'kZu eg£"k iratfy
jkeo`Q".k fe'ku Lokeh foosdkuan
lrh izFkk dh lekfIr fofy;e cSafVd
vlg;ksx vkanksyu egkRek xkaèkh
[kkylk iaFk xq# xksfoan flag
xnj ikVhZ dh LFkkiuk ykyk gjn;ky
Hkwnku vkanksyu fouksck Hkkos
jsMozQkl dh LFkkiuk gsujh M~;qusUV
LdkmfVax dh LFkkiuk csMu ikosy
:lh ozQkafr osQ tud fudksykbZ ysfuu
iQkflLV ikVhZ osQ laLFkkid csfuVks eqlksfyuh
laLo`Qr O;kdj.k osQ tud ikf.kfu
ikjlh èkeZ osQ izoÙkZd tjFkqL=k
foozQe lEor~ foozQekfnR; VI
vkuan ou dh LFkkiuk ckck vkEVs
vksyafid [ksyksa dk iqutZUe fi;js Mh oqQc£ru
XykluksLr ,oa isjsL=kksbdk fe[kkby xksckZpkso
fpidks vkanksyu laqnj yky cgqxq.kk
vkuan nqXèk lgdkfjrk ch- t- oqQfj;u
cSadksa dk jk"Vªh;dj.k bafnjk xkaèkh
fo'o ds vkfJr jkT;
vkLVªsfy;k
fØlel }hi dksdkse (dhfyax) }hi lewg
uksjiQksd }hi
MsuekdZ
isQjks xq;kuk xzhuySaM
Qzkal
izsaQp xq;kuk izsaQp iksyhusf'k;k
Xoknsywi ek£Vfud
ek;ksVh U;w oSQysMksfu;k
fj;wfu;u lsaV fi;js o feosQykWu
okfyl o Ý;qpquk
ukosZ
tsu ek;su LokyokMZ
;wukbVsM fdaxMe
,afx;qyk cjewMk
fczfV'k o£tu }hilewg osQeSu }hilewg
iQkdySaM }hilewg ftczkYVj
vkby vkiQ eSu tlhZ
ekaVL=kkr fiVosQ;uZ }hi
lsaV gsysuk Vo~QlZ o oSQdksl }hilewg
X;quZls
iqrZxky
edkÅ
la- jk- vesfjdk
vesfjdh lkeksvk xqvke
mÙkjh ekfj;kukl I;wVksZ fjdks
o£tu }hilewg (la- jk- vesfjdk dk)
uhnjySaM~l
v:ck uhjnySaM~l ,aVhyht
U;wthySaM
oqQd }hilewg U;wbZ
VksosQykÅ
egRoiw.kZ lhek js[kk,a
lhek js[kk ns'kksa osQ chp
eSdeksgu js[kk Hkkjr ,oa phu
jsMfDyiQ js[kk Hkkjr ,oa ikfdLrku
MwjaM js[kk ikfdLrku ,oa viQxkfuLrku
fgaMuoxZ js[kk teZuh ,oa iksySaM
eSftuks js[kk teZuh ,oa izQakl
esujgke js[kk :l ,oa fiQuySaM
lhxizQhM js[kk teZuh ,oa izQkal
vkMj&uslh js[kk teZuh ,oa iksySaM
esxhukWM js[kk teZuh ,oa izQkal
24oha lekukarj js[kk Hkkjr ,oa ikfdLrku
38oha lekukarj js[kk m- dksfj;k ,oa n- dksfj;k
49oha lekukarj js[kk la- jk- vesfjdk ,oa dukMk
17oha v{kka'k js[kk m-fo;ruke ,oa n- fo;ruke
(,dhdj.k osQ iwoZ)
fofHkUu ns'kksa ds lalnksa ds uke
ns'k laln
viQxkfuLrku 'kksjk
vkLVªsfy;k ik£y;kesaV (gkml vkiQ fjizstsVsfVo o lhusV)
vkfLVª;k us'kuy dkSafly o isQMjy dkSfly
vtsZUVhuk us'kuy dkaxzsl (psEcj vkiQ fMiqVht o lhusV)
HkwVku RlksaXMq
fczVsu ik£y;kesaV (gkml vkiQ dkeal o gkml vkiQ ykM~lZ)
ckaXykns'k tkrh; laln
csyk :l lqizhe dkSfly
czkthy dkaxzsl (psEcj vkiQ fMiqVht o lhusV)
dukMk ik£y;kesaV (gkml vkiQ dkeal o lhusV)
D;wck us'kuy vlsacyh vkiQ ihiqYl ikoj
phu us'kuh ihiqYl dkSafly
rkboku ;qvku
MsuekoZQ iQksYdfVax
teZuh caqMsLVkx o cqaMsLVkVZ
vkblySaM ,fYFkax
vk;jySaM ik£y;kesaV (Mk;y vk;ju~ o lhukM vk;ju)
bZjku etfyl
Hkkjr laln (yksdlHkk o jkT;lHkk)
bÏk;y uslsV
tkiku Mk;V (gkml vkiQ fjizstsVsfVo o gkml vkiQ dkSflYkj)
yhfc;k tujy ihiqYl dkaxzsl
eysf'k;k fnoku jkD;ku o fnoku fuxkjk
eaxksfy;k xzsV ihiqYl [kqjky
E;kUekj fI;Fkq gqrko
feÏ ihiqYl vlsacyh
ekynkso etfyl
eSfDldks tujy dkaxzsl (psEcj vkiQ fMiqVht o lhusV)
usiky jk"Vªh; iapk;r
uhnjySaM~l LVkVsu tujy (iQLVZ psEcj o lsdaM psEcj)
U;wthySaM gkml vkiQ fjizstsVsfVo
ukosZ LVksafVx
iksySaM lsTe
ikfdLrku us'kuy vlsacyh o lhusV
izQkal us'kuy vlsacyh o lhusV
jksekfu;k xzSaM us'kuh vlsacyh
:l M~;wek o isQMjs'ku dkSfly
n- vizQhdk ik£y;kesaV (us'kuy vlsaacyh o lhusV)
Lisu dksVsZl (gkml vkiQ fMiqVht o lhusV)
LohMu fjDlMSx
fLoV~tjySaM isQMjy vlsacyh (us'kuy dkSfly o dkSfly vkiQ
LVsV~l)
la-jk- vesfjdk dkaxzsl (gkml vkiQ fjizstsVsfVo o lhusV)
rqdhZ xzSaM us'kuy vlsacyh
bVyh psEcj vkiQ fMiqVht o lhusV
;wuku psEcj vkiQ fMiqVht