Analogy: Reasoning Preparation | Logical Reasoning for CLAT PDF Download

What is Analogy?

An analogy is a word used in terms of comparing two things or finding a relation between two things.

• The word Analogy is a Noun which literally means a similar feature, condition, state etc. shared by two things that are compared. Questions on Verbal Analogy judge your ability to understand the diverse relationship between various elements, things, phenomena, acts, terms, etc., in their proper context. Such questions are aimed at testing the candidate’s overall knowledge, power of reasoning and the ability to think conclusively and logically. 
  Example of Analogy
• A candidate can develop and improve his ability to judge conclusively through sufficient practice and awareness. 

• The questions are also a test of general knowledge of the student.

Types of Analogy

• Numerical Analogy (Odd One Out) – A set of options may be given based on a certain pattern, and one of them may be unlikely to follow the pattern and candidates need to choose the odd one out.
• Numerical Analogy (Choose a similar pair) – An analogy may be given in the question and candidates may have to find a similar analogy, based on the same pattern from the given options

Example 1: From the given options, find the pair which is similar to the given pair: 8:4
(a) 27:9
(b) 216:32
(c) 72:24
(d) 45:5
(e) 37:13
The correct answer is option (a) 
Solution:
The pattern followed is “Cube of a number: square of the same number”
So, (2×2×2) : (2×2) = 8:4
Similarly, (3×3×3) : (3×3) = 27:9

• Alphabetical/Word Analogy (Odd One Out) – Options for different word analogy may be given, in which one may not be following the set pattern, candidates need to find that odd one out from the given options

Example 2: From the given options, choose the odd one out.
(a) Bangladesh: Taka
(b) Brazil: Real
(c) Cyprus: Dollar
(d) Iran: Rial
(e) Japan: Yen
The correct answer is option (c) 
Solution: Cyprus: Dollar; All the other options given are correct in terms of country and their currency. The currency of Cyprus is Euro

• Alphabetical/Word Analogy (Choose a similar pair) – An analogy may be given based on a set pattern and candidates may have to find the word analogy pair from the given options, which follows the exact same pattern.
  
  Question for Analogy: Reasoning Preparation

  Try yourself: Find the odd one out from the given options.

  • A.

    Book: Author
  • B.

    Art: Artist
  • C.

    Invention: Scientist
  • D.

    Pot: Potter
  • E.

    Patients: Doctors

  Explanation

  Answer: Patients: Doctors;  In all the other options, the creation is given in the first half and the creator in the second half

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Tips & Tricks to Solve Reasoning Analogy

Given below are a few tips which may help you prepare for the reasoning analogy questions and also help you solve the questions faster:

• The first thing to solve an analogy question is to judge the pattern that is being followed in the given analogy.
• If a candidate is unable to analyse the pattern followed, he/she must refer to the options given. It shall simply analysing the pattern.
• For numerical questions, squares, cubes, multiplication, addition, etc. based patterns may be followed. So ensure that you recheck these pattern as well.
• It is easy to score marks in questions based on analogy as they are direct and not very complicated.
• Having knowledge of basic static GK shall also be important for these questions.

Important Relationships

1. Instrument and Measurement

• Thermometer - Temperature
• Anemometer - Wind vane
• Odometer - Speed
• Scale - Length
• Balance  - Mass
• Sphygmomanometer - Blood Pressure
• Rain Gauge - Rain
• Hygrometer - Humidity
• Ammeter - Current
• Screw Gauge - Thickness
• Seismograph - Earthquakes
• Taseometer - Strains

2. Quantity and Unit

• Mass - Kilogram 
• Energy - Joule 
• Volume - Litre 
• Power - Watt 
• Work - Joule 
• Area - Hectare 
• Force - Newton 
• Resistance - Ohm
• Angle - Radians 
• Potential - Volt 
• Current - Ampere 
• Temperature - Degrees

3. Individual and Group

• Grape - Bunch of Grapes
• Key - Bunch of Keys
• Flower - Bunch of Flowers
• Stick - Bundle of Stick
• Mountain - Chain of Mountains
• Sheep - Flock of Sheep
• Bird - Flight of Birds
• Star - Galaxy of Stars
• Tree - Grove of Trees
• Labourer - Gang of Labourers
• Deer - Herd of Deer
• Swine - Herd of Swine
• Bee - Hive of Bees
• Cattle - Herd of Cattle
• Ruin - Heap of Ruins
• Stone - Heap of Stones
• Sand - Heap of Sand
• Hound - Pack of hounds
• Shoes - Pair of Shoes
• Hill - Range of Hills
• Event - Series of Events
• Fly - Swarm of flies
• Horse - Troop of Horses

4. Animal and Young One

• Cow - Calf
• Cat - Kitten
• Butterfly - Caterpillar
• Dog - Puppy
• Lion - Cub
• Man - Child
• Wolf - Cub
• Goat - Kid
• Fox - Cub
• Horse - Pony
• Sheep - Lamb
• Insect - Larva
• Hen - Chicken
• Duck - Duckling
• Bear - Cub
• Deer - Fawn
• Frog - Tadpole
• Stag - Fawn

Example 3. ‘Chicken’ is related to ‘Hen’ in the same way as ‘Kitten’ is related to ………….. 
(a) Dog                                  
(b) Cat                                  
(c) Duck                                
(d) Swan

The correct answer is option (b) 

Solution: “Here, animal and young one relationship has been shown. Chicken is the young one of hen. In same way, kitten is young one of cat.”

5. Word and Intensity

• Anger - Rage
• Kindle - Burn
• Quarrel - War
• Famous - Renowned
• Refuse - Deny
• Moist - Drench
• Wish - Desire
• Sink - Drown
• Error - Blunder
• Unhappy - Sad
• Crime - Sin

6. Male and Female

• Horse - Mare
• Stag - Doe
• Lion - Lioness
• Husband - Wife
• Nephew - Niece
• Bull - Cow
• Gander - Goose
• Wizard - Witch
• Cock - Hen
• Stallion - Mare
• Tiger - Tigress
• Actor - Actress
• Author - Authoress
• Prince - Princess
• Earl - Countess
• Dog - Bitch
• Boy - Girl
• Drone - Bee
• Gentleman - Lady
• Bear - She-bear
• Fox - Vixen
• Duck - Drake
• Bridegroom - Bride
• Waiter - Waitress
• Monk - Nun
• Master - Mistress
• King - Queen
• Leopard - Leopardess
• Ram - Ewe
• Fiancé - Fiancée
  
  Question for Analogy: Reasoning Preparation

  Try yourself:“Dog” is related to “Bitch” in the same way as “Tiger” is related to

  • A.

    Tigris  
  • B.

    Tigress
  • C.

    Panther
  • D.

    Cub 

  Explanation

  Solution (b) “Here Male-Female relationship has been shown. Dog is male and its female counterpart is bitch. In similar way, Tiger is male and its female counterpart is Tigress.”

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7. Individual and Class

• Lizard - Reptile
• Ostrich - Bird
• Butterfly - Insect
• Rat - Rodent
• Man - Mammal
• Snake - Reptile
• Whale - Mammal
• Fish - Pisces

8. Homes/Dwelling Places

9. Study and Topic

• Ornithology - Birds
• Botany - Plants
• Entomology - Insects
• Oology - Eggs
• Virology - Viruses
• Herpetology - Amphibians
• Pathology - Diseases
• Palaeography - Writings
• Cardiology - Heart
• Haematology - Blood
• Mycology - Fungi
• Malacology - Molluscs
• Taxonomy - Classification
• Orography - Mountains
• Eccrinology - Secretions
• Nidology - Nests
• Astronomy - Heavenly Bodies
• Seismology - Earthquakes
• Onomatology - Names
• Zoology - Animals 

10. Worker and Tool

• Blacksmith - Anvil
• Woodcutter - Axe
• Labourer - Spade
• Sculptor - Chisel
• Chef - Knife
• Doctor - Stethoscope
• Surgeon - Scalpel
• Warrior - Sword
• Carpenter - Saw
• Tailor - Needle

11.Tool and Action

• Needle - sew
• Sword - Slaughter
• Filter - Purify
• Pen - Write
• Spoon - Feed
• Gun - Shoot
• Chisel - Carve
• Axe - Cut
• Loudspeaker - Amplify
  
  Question for Analogy: Reasoning Preparation

  Try yourself: “Spade” is related to “dig” in the same way as “Axe” is related to

  • A.

    Carve                        
  • B.

    Cut                                          
  • C.

    Grip                  
  • D.

    Amplify                   

  Explanation

  Solution: “Spade is used for digging. Similarly, Axe is used to cut the trees

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12. Worker and Working Place

• Chef - Kitchen
• Warrior - Battlefield
• Sailor - Ship
• Doctor - Hospital
• Servant - House
• Artist - Theater
• Actor - Stage
• Lawyer - Court
• Beautician - Parlour
• Painter - Gallery
  
  Question for Analogy: Reasoning Preparation

  Try yourself:“Court” is related to “Lawyers” in the same way as “School” is related to

  • A.

    Wards                              
  • B.

    Beds                                
  • C.

    Teachers          
  • D.

    Patients

  Explanation

  Solution. (c)  “Lawyers plead in the court and Teacher teach in the school. Thus, this question is based on worker-working place relationship.

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13. Worker and Product

• Mason - Wall
• Hunter - Prey
• Butcher - Meat
• Cobbler - Shoes
• Poet - Poem
• Teacher - Education
• Judge - Justice
• Farmer - Crop
• Author - Book
• Architect - Design
• Dramatist - Play
• Tailor - Clothes
• Chef - Food
• Producer - Film

14. Product and Raw Material

• Prism - Glass
• Wall - Brick
• Shoes - Leather
• Metal - Ore
• Jaggery - Sugarcane
• Fabric - Yarn
• Road - Asphalt
• Sack - Jute
• Paper - Pulp
• Oil - Seed
• Butter - Milk
• Furniture - Wood
• Pullover - Wool
• Rubber - Latex
• Wine - Grapes
• Cloth - Fibre
• Book - Paper
• Linen - Flax
• Jewellery - Gold
• Paper - Pulp

15. Part and Whole Relationship

• Pen - Nib
• House - Kitchen
• Class - Student
• Book - Chapter
• Computer - Mouse
• Garden - Plants
• Pencil - Lead
• Computer - Monitor
• Room - Window
• Airplane - Cockpit
• Flower - Petal
• Fruit - Seed

16. Animal and Sound

•  Assess - Bray
• Bees - Hum
• Camels - Grunt
• Cattle - Low
• Crows - Crow
• Elephant - Trumpet
• Flies - Buzz
• Hawks - Scream
• Monkeys - Chatter
• Lambs - Bleat
• Nightingale - Sing
• Bears - Growl

17. Where Persons, Things, Animals, Etc Are Kept, Grown, Exhibited, Stored

• Airplanes are kept in a hangar.
• Athletic competitions are held in a stadium.
• Athletic exercises are performed in a gymnasium.
• Astronomical observations are made in an observatory.
• Bees are kept in an apiary.
• Clothes are kept in a wardrobe.
• Dead bodies are buried in a cemetery.
• Dead bodies are cremated in a crematorium.
• Fishes are kept in an aquarium.
• Fruit trees are grown in an orchard.
• Gas is stored in a cylinder.
• Goods are stored in a depot.
• Grains are stored in a granary.
• Grapes are grown in a vineyard.
• Guns are kept in an armoury.
• Medicines are compounded in a dispensary.
• Motorcars are kept in a garage.
• Scientific experiments are conducted in a laboratory.
• Sick people are treated in a hospital.
• Young plants grow in a nursery.

18. State and Capital

Example 4: “Delhi” is related to “India” in the same way as “London” is related to?
(a) Germany
(b) England
(c) Canada
(d) France                            
The correct answer is option (b) 
Solution: Delhi is the capital of India. Similarly, London is the capital of England.

19. Name of Countries/Capitals & Currency

Example 5: “Italy is related to “Lira” in the same way as “China” is related to    
(a) Shekel                                              
(b) Renminbi                    
(c) Krone                      
(d) Dollar
The correct answer is option (b) 
Solution: "Italy” is a country and its currency was called Lira. Similarly, the currency of China is Renminbi.

20. Name of the Parliaments of Some Countries