Animal Breeding Video Lecture - NEET

animal breeding is the controlled
propagation of animals to achieve
desirable qualities of farm animals and
increase the yield of these animals
the term greed refers to a group of
animals within a species
related by ancestors and possessing many
similar characters such as appearance
behavior and size
for example Jersey and Leghorn a very
popular breeds of cattle and chicken
used for breeding
animal breeding is divided into two main
categories
in breeding and out breeding
inbreeding is breeding between animals
belonging to the same breed with a
common ancestor
whereas out reading is breeding between
animals belonging to different breeds
or between the same breed but with
different ancestors
or between different species
let us learn more about inbreeding
animals selected for in reading are of
superior quality and are closely related
for four to six generations
the superior quality cow is one that
produces more milk and a superior bull
is one that is a strong draught animal
and gives rise to superior offspring
subsequently mating is carried out
between offspring which have superior
qualities
thus inbreeding increases homozygosity
in animals
that is it results in a pure line of
animals with desired characters
this is similar to Mendel's experiment
that yielded homozygous pure lines in
pea plants
in grading also helps in the expression
of desirable characters and the
elimination of undesirable characters in
the offspring
in reading can increase the chance of
expression of recessive genes which are
harmful
if inbreeding among closely related
breeds is continued it can result in
inbreeding depression
which is reduced fertility and
productivity
oh let's learn more about out reading
doubt in three ways out crossing
crossbreeding and interspecific
hybridization
boat crossing is mating between animals
of the same breed but with no common
ancestors for up to four to six
generations on either side
this type of reading overcomes
inbreeding depression
crossbreeding is mating between animals
of superior quality belonging to
different breeds to produce hybrids
possessing superior qualities of both
their parents
for example
Jessie with a long lactation period and
read Cindy with high disease resistance
are mated
for a new breed with both the desired
characters called Jason
the new grid obtained is then subject to
inbreeding to increase the hurt
population
another example of crossbreeding is the
cross between B canary use and Moreno
Rams to form a new sheep breed these are
Dale
the third type of outbreeding is
interspecific hybridization
we're animals of two different species
are mated
example
in a male donkey and a female horse to
form a new breed the mule
although most new breeds are infertile
they have high economic value
both in breeding and out reading can
also be carried out using controlled
breeding experiments
artificial insemination is one such
method
in artificial insemination semen is
first collected from the superior male
the semen is then injected into the
reproductive tract or vagina of the
female animal
or can be frozen for future use
thus artificial insemination is carried
out to overcome problems in natural
breeding and also to carry out mating
between animals that are geographically
separated
however the success of animal breeding
using artificial insemination is low and
so new techniques like multiple
ovulation embryo transfer technology or
mohe were developed
mo et involves the administration of
Granada traffic hormones like FSH and LH
to female animals
induce maturation of follicles resulting
in super ovulation
super ovulation is the production of six
to eight eggs instead of one egg
the super ovulated female is mated with
a superior male either through natural
mating or artificial insemination
this results in fertilization of all the
eggs
when the fertilized eggs reached the 8
to 32 cell stage they are non surgically
removed
and then implanted into different
surrogate mothers for further
development in a process called embryo
transfer
now the female animal can be used for
super ovulation once again
in this manner mo et helps increase the
herds population containing desirable
characters in a short span of time
mo ET is widely carried out in animals
such as cattle
Buffalo's
and sheep
so different techniques such as
artificial insemination and MOA T along
with various in reading and out breeding
methods are employed in animal breeding
to produce offspring with superior
qualities
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