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Antileishmanial Therapy | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC PDF Download

Introduction

The landscape of antileishmanial therapy has changed with the introduction of new drugs and delivery systems, alongside the emergence of resistance to antimonial compounds.

AmB-Special Preparation

  • Conventional Amphotericin B - Deoxycholate aids in dispersion.
  • Liposomal Amphotericin B - Comprising 10% Amphotericin B and 90% liposomes with uniform sizing (60-80 nM) and unilamellar structure. This formulation improves solubility, reduces toxicity, and facilitates targeted delivery.

Special attributes of this preparation include:

  • It minimizes acute reactions during intravenous infusion.
  • Suitable for patients unable to tolerate conventional Amphotericin B formulations.
  • Exhibits lower nephrotoxicity.
  • Causes minimal anemia.
  • Efficiently delivers Amphotericin B to reticuloendothelial cells in the liver and spleen, particularly valuable for conditions like kala-azar and in immunocompromised patients.
  • Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion (ABCD) - Consisting of 50% Amphotericin B and 50% Cholesteryl sulfate. However, it does not demonstrate superiority over liposomal Amphotericin B.

Question for Antileishmanial Therapy
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What is a special attribute of liposomal Amphotericin B?
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AntiLeishmanial- Repeats

In the treatment of systemic mycosis, liposomal amphotericin-B is favored over the conventional formulation of the drug. (2016)

The document Antileishmanial Therapy | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC is a part of the UPSC Course Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC.
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FAQs on Antileishmanial Therapy - Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC

1. What is AmB-Special Preparation?
Ans. AmB-Special Preparation is a medication that is used in the treatment of leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania parasite. It is a special preparation of Amphotericin B, a potent antifungal and antiparasitic agent.
2. How does AmB-Special Preparation work in treating leishmaniasis?
Ans. AmB-Special Preparation works by disrupting the cell membrane of the Leishmania parasite, leading to its death. It binds to the ergosterol present in the cell membrane, causing leakage of cellular contents and eventual cell death. This helps in reducing the parasite load and controlling the symptoms of leishmaniasis.
3. What are the side effects of AmB-Special Preparation?
Ans. Common side effects of AmB-Special Preparation include fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, muscle and joint pain, and injection site reactions. It may also cause electrolyte imbalances, kidney damage, and allergic reactions in some individuals. It is important to closely monitor patients receiving this medication for any adverse effects.
4. How is AmB-Special Preparation administered?
Ans. AmB-Special Preparation is administered through intravenous infusion. It is usually given in a hospital or healthcare setting under the supervision of a healthcare professional. The dosage and duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the patient's response to the medication.
5. Can AmB-Special Preparation be used in pregnant women?
Ans. AmB-Special Preparation is not recommended for use in pregnant women unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks. It may cross the placenta and harm the developing fetus. If necessary, the decision to use this medication during pregnancy should be made after careful consideration and consultation with a healthcare professional.
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