Budget 2022-23: Self-Reliant in Defence | Gist of Rajya Sabha TV / RSTV (now Sansad TV) - UPSC PDF Download

Introduction

• For the Financial Year 2022–23, a total budget of Rs. 5.25 lakh crore has been allotted to the Ministry of Defence, with an emphasis on the development of defence security infrastructure, including the border road infrastructure and coastal security infrastructure. 
• From Rs. 86,740 crore in 2013–14 to Rs. 1.52 lakh crore in 2022–23, the total allocation for Capital Outlay of the Defence Services has grown.
•  In 2022–2023, 68% of the capital procurement budget—up from 58% the year before—will be set aside for domestic industry, demonstrating the dedication of the government to lowering imports and promoting Atma Nir bharta in terms of military equipment.
• While Defence R&D will be opened up for industry, startups and academia, Private industry will also be encouraged to take up design and development of military platforms and equipment in collaboration with DRDO and other organizations through SPV mod.

Need for defence indigenization

• For self reliance.
• To reduce dependency on foreign player and ensure security of nation.
• To conserve or reduce Balance of Payment deficit.
• To promote employment and also exports.
• To reduce cost of production to India and thereby reduce fiscal deficit. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), in 2019, India became the third-largest defence spender in the world.

Need for framework to achieve self-reliance

• The IPR has emerged as a key ingredient of an ecosystem which stimulates innovation and ingenuity.
• Our knowledge and creativity have often not been utilized to its full potential due to lack of awareness on modern legal framework for protection of IP rights so it is need of the time to aware about IPR (Intellectual Property Rights).
• India has accumulated several technologies gained through Transfer of technology (ToT) agreements but for any design adjustments in the platforms, the original manufacturer has to be consulted.
• Further, it helps in safeguarding the national security secrets.
• India is the second largest arms importer in the world. It helps reduce the national spending on imports of arms and defence technology.
• It would also help earn some forex by selling the indigenously designed and developed defence equipments.
• India’s aim to generate 2-3 million additional jobs in manufacturing industry and a boost to MSMEs can be achieved.

Measures needed

• To boost indigenization, DRDO needs to be given more autonomy like space and atomic energy departments.
• With opening up of 100% FDI in defence sector, giving private players an opportunity would bring in the money as well as competition to the Defence PSUs.
• Setting up of the planned defence industrial corridors.
• Robust Defence Diplomacy, for which a cadre of defence diplomats should be created so that new co-ordination with world can bring new idea and innovations.
• Setting up of a Defence Export Organization to promote export of defence equipments.
• Instituting an Independent Audit addressing issues of inefficiency and accountability, this shall help in keeping the flow of ideas and innovation.
• Setting up an aerospace university, can help in bringing new ideas and innovations.

Challenges

• Lack of Defence Manufacturing base in India.
• Primarily driven by Government ordnance factories and poor private participation
• The public sector (DPSUs/OFs) by far has enjoyed the preferred categorization, particularly for big ticket purchases, when considering the Indian route, despite its poor track record as regards time and cost overruns, inefficiencies and poor financial performance.
• The defence industry per-se being a capital intensive industry with high risks on investments leaves very few private players in the arena. DPSUs, on the other hand, have not done much to promote proficient business practices by involving the industry and Micro, Small,and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
• The report of the 33rd StandingCommittee on Defence – Indigenization of Defence Production: PublicPrivate Partnership was highly critical of the steps taken by the government to promote indigenization.
• High costs and involved and lack of assured market.
• Poor technological transfer by foreign companies.
• Lack of Data.
• Assessment of Degree of Indigenisation: As of today, no scientific system is in place to assess the extent/ level of indigenisation achieved by defence production entities in the country.
• Bureaucratic delay and licensing issues:there is still no eas of doing business in defence industry.: Investment in the defence sector is subject to compliance with the licensing requirements stipulated by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP).

Way Forward

• Defence offset policies need better monitoring, removing unnecessary restrictions and linking defence offsets with offset in civil sector. That should be encouraged.
• To boost indigenization, the Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) needs to be given more autonomy like space and atomic energy departments.
• Even playing field should be created between the Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) and the private sector companies.
• Indian defence PSUs and ordnance factories have a lot of potential, they need to be “revived, revitalised and made a lot more dynamic”.
• Establishing courses on defence production across universities and creating job opportunities for the graduates.
• The government needs to expedite the setting up a professional defence procurement agency.
• Meeting the objectives of defence exports, encouraging innovation, streaming lining procurements will require robust defence diplomacy. A cadre of defence diplomats should be created to address these issues.
• The country needs an elaborate ecosystem of innovation of which defence innovation can be a part.

Conclusion

Self-reliance is a major corner-stone on which the military capability of any nation rests. Indigenous defence production is an essential capability to provide strategic independence to a nation, thus making exponential additions to national security through round-the-clock defence preparedness.