Chapter 1. Biologists and Their Contribution; Classification of Animals - Biology, Civil Services Notes | Study RAS RPSC Prelims Preparation - Notes, Study Material & Tests - UPSC

1.

Coined the term ‘cell’

Robert Hooke

2.

Binomial nomenclature

Carolus Linnaeus

3.

One gene one enzyme hypthesis

Beadle & Tatum

4.

Operon Concept

Jacob & Monod

5.

Jumping Genes concept

Dr. McClintock

6.

Human Blood Groups

Karl Landsteiner

7.

Fluid Mosaic Model

Singer & Nicholson

Classification of Animals

              Types of Invertebrates

Placozoa

Single species identified as Trichoplax adherens.

Porifera

Sponges

Coelenterata

Coral, hydra, jellyfish, Portuguese man-of-war, sea anemone

(cnidaria)

Platyhelminthes

Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms

Nematoda or

Ascarids, vinegar eels, cyst nematodes, Pinworms, roundworms hookworms

Aschelminthes

Annelida

Lugworms, earthworms, leeches

Arthropoda

Crustaceans: prawn, shrimp

Insects: butterfly, housefly, mosquito, cockroach

Arachnids: Scorpion, wolf spider, King Crab

Myriapods: Centipede, Millipede

Mollusca

Chitons, oysters, snails, clams, squid

Echinodermata

Star fish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers

Chordata

Divided into Hemichordata (tongue worm), Urochordata, Cephalanchordata,

Gnathastomata.

Types of Vertebrates

Jawless fishes (Agnatha)

Hagfish, lamprey

Cartilaginous fishes

Sharks, skates, rays, chimaeras

Bony fishes

Sturgeon, herring, salmon, perch, cod, coelacanth

Amphibians

Frogs and toads, salamanders, newts, caecilians

Reptiles

Snakes, crocodiles, alligators, lizards, turtles, tortoises

Birds (Aves)

Penguin, flamingo, eagle, turkey, thrush, parrot

Mammals

Platypus, kangaroo, bat, lion, wolf, mouse, seal, antelope, cow, dolphin,

whale, lemur, monkey, ape, human