Class 10 Exam > Class 10 Notes > Social Studies (SST) Class 10 > Cheatsheet: Agriculture
Cheatsheet: Agriculture | Social Studies (SST) Class 10 PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Introduction |
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| Types of Farming |
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| Cropping Pattern |
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| Major Crops |
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| Horticulture and Non-Food Crops |
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| Technological and Institutional Reforms |
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Introduction
Agriculture forms the backbone of India's economy, engaging approximately two-thirds of the population in various farming activities. India is not just a source of livelihood but a critical component of the nation's economic and social fabric.
- Food Production: Provides the majority of food consumed across India, including staple crops like rice and wheat.
- Raw Materials: Supplies essential inputs for industries, such as cotton for textiles and sugarcane for sugar production.
- Economic Role: Supports rural livelihoods and contributes significantly to India's GDP.
Types of Farming
Farming methods in India have evolved over time, adapting to local climates, soil types, and available technology. From primitive slash-and-burn techniques to intensive and commercial farming, these systems cater to both local consumption and market demands.
Cropping Pattern
The cropping pattern in India is shaped by monsoon cycles, soil types, and irrigation facilities. The three seasons allow farmers to grow a variety of crops, from food grains to fruits and vegetables, ensuring year-round agricultural activity. The Green Revolution and irrigation advancements have expanded crop cultivation to non-traditional areas.
Major Crops
India’s diverse agro-climatic zones support the cultivation of major crops like rice, wheat, millets, pulses, and plantation crops. The country ranks high globally in the production of several crops, supported by irrigation advancements and modern farming techniques.
Horticulture and Non-Food Crops
India’s horticulture sector is a global leader, with diverse fruits and vegetables grown across tropical and temperate regions. Non-food crops like rubber and fibre crops (cotton, jute, silk) support industries and export markets, contributing significantly to the economy.
Technological and Institutional Reforms
Agriculture in India has a long history, but its development has been hindered by reliance on monsoons and lack of technological advancements. Post-Independence reforms and modern initiatives have aimed to improve productivity and farmer welfare, though challenges like inadequate implementation persist.
Challenges: Over 60% of India’s population depends on agriculture, yet many farmers rely on monsoons and natural soil fertility, making it difficult to meet the food demands of a growing population. Continued reforms focus on improving irrigation, technology adoption, and financial support.
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FAQs on Cheatsheet: Agriculture - Social Studies (SST) Class 10
| 1. What are the main types of farming practiced globally? |  |
Ans. The main types of farming include subsistence farming, where farmers grow food primarily for their own consumption; commercial farming, which focuses on producing crops for sale; and mixed farming, combining both crops and livestock. Other types include organic farming, which emphasizes natural processes and sustainability, and intensive farming, which aims to maximize yield through high input of labor and capital.
| 2. How do cropping patterns affect agricultural productivity? | |
Ans. Cropping patterns refer to the arrangement and sequence of crops grown in a particular area. They significantly affect agricultural productivity by determining soil fertility, pest and disease management, and resource allocation. Diverse cropping patterns, such as crop rotation and intercropping, can enhance soil health, reduce pest populations, and improve overall yield by making efficient use of available resources.
| 3. What are the major crops cultivated in different regions? | |
Ans. Major crops vary by region due to climate, soil type, and cultural practices. Common staple crops include rice and wheat, primarily in Asia; maize in the Americas; and sorghum in Africa. Additionally, cash crops such as cotton, coffee, and sugarcane are significant in various regions, helping to drive economies and trade.
| 4. What is the significance of horticulture and non-food crops in agriculture? | |
Ans. Horticulture plays a crucial role in agriculture by focusing on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants, which contribute to nutrition, health, and aesthetics. Non-food crops, such as fibers, oils, and medicinal plants, are equally important as they provide raw materials for industries, support livelihoods, and enhance biodiversity.
| 5. What are some technological and institutional reforms that have impacted agriculture? | |
Ans. Technological reforms in agriculture include the introduction of high-yielding variety seeds, advanced irrigation techniques, and modern machinery, which enhance productivity and efficiency. Institutional reforms, such as land reforms, credit availability, and agricultural extension services, have improved farmers' access to resources and knowledge, thereby promoting sustainable agricultural practices and rural development.
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Document Description: Cheatsheet: Agriculture for Class 10 2025 is part of Social Studies (SST) Class 10 preparation.
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