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Cheatsheet: Water Resources | Social Studies (SST) Class 10 PDF Download

Understanding Earth's Water Resources

Earth’s surface is predominantly covered by water, with about three-fourths of the planet covered by it. However, only a small percentage of this vast resource is freshwater, making it critical for human consumption and various purposes.Cheatsheet: Water Resources | Social Studies (SST) Class 10

Sources of Freshwater

  • Surface Runoff: Rivers, lakes, and glaciers.
  • Groundwater: Aquifers and wells.

Water Scarcity Concerns

  • Over-exploitation and mismanagement.
  • Unequal distribution and access.
  • Pollution from domestic, industrial, and agricultural waste.
  • Population growth increasing demand.

Government Initiative: Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Aims to provide every rural household with a reliable piped water supply (55 liters per person per day).

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Multi-Purpose River Projects

Cheatsheet: Water Resources | Social Studies (SST) Class 10

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Issues with Large Dams

  • Displacement of local communities.
  • Disruption of natural sediment flow.
  • Ecological imbalances.
  • Inter-state water disputes.

Rainwater Harvesting

Rain water harvesting is a technique of collection and storage of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the infiltration of surface water into subsurface aquifers (before it is lost as surface runoff)

Methods:

  • Rooftop Harvesting: Collection via rooftops, filtered, and stored underground.
  • Traditional Systems: ‘Tankas’ in Rajasthan store rainwater for drinking.
  • Bamboo Drip Irrigation: Used in Meghalaya to efficiently transport water.

State Initiatives

  • Tamil Nadu: First state to mandate rooftop rainwater harvesting.
  • Meghalaya: Shillong households meet 15-25% of their water needs via rainwater harvesting.

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Conclusion

Effective water resource management is essential for sustainable development. Strategies like rainwater harvesting, efficient irrigation systems, and government programs ensure water conservation for future generations.

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