Chromosomal Mutational Disorder & Chart of Diseases | Additional Study Material for NEET PDF Download

5.   Mumps

Para myxovirus

Painful swelling in parotid gland

6. Dengue fever or Break bone fever

(Arbovirus (fLavi)) Vector-Aedes agypti

Fever, pain in muscles and joints hemorrhagic condition in body (Tornicuec test)

7.   Chikun-gunya

Togavirus (flavi) Vector-Atedes agypti

Eriec, joint pain, arthritis.

8.   Rabies (hydrophobia)

Rabdo virus or street virus (Vector-rabbit, dog, cat and wild animals)

Affect CNS - Madness, hydrophobia due to laryngeal spasm and 100% death occur.

For prevention - Human diploid cell culture vaccine.

9.   Common cold

Rhinovirus(Droplet infection)

Infects nose and upper respiratory tract but not the lungs. Nasal congestion and discharge, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, headache, tiredness.

10. SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

Corona virus (Droplet infection)

Pneumonia like symptoms.

11.  Swine flu

H₁N₁ virus (Droplet infection)

Pneumonia like symptoms.

Treatment - Temiflu

(C Protozoan diseases)

1.  Malaria

Plasmodium sps.

High fever with chill of intermittent periodicity, pain in joints

2.   Amoebiasis (Anoeboic dysentery)

Ehtanoeba histolytica

Intestinal spasms, dysentery, stool with excess mucous + blood cells, constipation, abdominal pain

3.   Diarrhoea

Giardia intestinalis

Vomiting, loose motions

4.   African sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma gambiens

Patient feels sleepy, nervous system impairment

5. Kala azar

Leishmania donovani

High fever associated with enlargement of spleen and liver

(D) Helminth diseases

1. Ascariasis

Ascaris lumbricoides
(Common round worm)

Abdominal spasm, insomnia, vomiting, loose motions, restlessness Internal bleeding, fever, anaemia, blockage of the intestinal passage.

2. Dracunculiasis

Dracunculus medinensis

Blisters on skin of arms, shoulders and legs

3. Elephantiasis or Hlariaas

Wuchereria bancrofti.:mAlayi (Filarial worn) it causes slowly developing chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels. Vector is female CHex.

Swelling of hands, scrotum, testis (genital organ are often affected) and breasts

Hepatitis types
(A, B, C, D, E affect list) Hepatitis A
(epidemic jaundice or infetrios hepatitis)
(Most common cause of Jaundice)

HIV (Entero virus type-72) - SS RNA 2 - 6 weeks

Contaminated food and water through foecooral route or intestinal route.

Common Symptoms

Fever, vomiting,

Hepatomegaly jaundice (increase) billirubin in blood due to liver infection. liver cbes not change billirubin. This bilirubin accumulates in various body parts so body become yellowish and also secrete bill inbin in urine.

Dark urine, whitish stool

Investigation- Serum SGPT (Serum glutamic pyruvic transminase test 5 - 40 I.U.

ELISA test

Detects Australian Ag

Prophylaxis -

Hepatitis B Vaccine (0,1,6 months)

Engerix - B

Shenvac - B

Enivac - B

T/t→Bed rest less protein, fat & more carbohydrate diet  γ-globulin, interferon as requirement

Hepatitis B
Serum hepatitis
(STD)

HBV - Double stranded circular

DNA size = 42 nm

2 to 6 months

Outer protein coat (Surface envelop)

Sexual contact, blood contact, mother to child by placenta called vertical transmis­sion (liver.)

(More infectious than AIDS)

Hepatitis - C
(Non-A, Non-B )Hepatitis

HCV SS R.N.A.

By Blood

Transfusion (90%)

Post Blood

transfusion H^vatitis)

Hepatitis - E

Similar to Hepatitis A

HEV (R.N.A)

Faeco oral route

Hepatitis - D cr Delta Hepatitis

Hepatitis B (Carrier state)
SS RNA

Some STDs, their Pathogens and Symptoms

Disease (s)

Pathogens

 Symptoms

(A) Bacterial

1. Syphilis or French pox (Incubation Bd) → Aprox 21 days

Treponema pallidum

Round elevated ulcers on genital organs Investigation - MRL test (Veneral disease research laboratory test)

2. Gonorrhoea
In Pd.→ 2 to 5 days

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Infection of urethra in male, discharge of white thick fluid from urethra, pain during urination

In females- Infection in cervix, pain and burning during micturition

3. Vaginitis

Gandnerella vaginalis

Grayish-white discharge from vagina

4. Chancroid

Haemophilus ducreyi

Foul smelling discharge and ulcers

5. Chlamydiasis

Chlamydia trachomatis

Recurrent pain and inf ection in urinary tract

(B) Viral

1. Herpes gaitalis

HSV-2 (DNA) Virus and penis

In males-Painful rashes on prepuce, glans

In females-Rashes on vulva and upper part of vagina

2. Condyloma acuminatum

Bapova DNA Virus

Itching and fever

3. Molluscum contagiosum

Box DNA Virus

Bain

4. AIDS

Human Immuno­deficiency Virus (HIV)

Immune system failure, fever, diarrhoea etc.

(C) Protozoan

1. Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis

Greenish-yellow vaginal discharge