Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Extra Question Answers - Forest and Wildlife Resources (Deducted from CBSE 2021-22 examination)

Ques.1. Write any three measures to conserve the ecosystem?
Ans. Three measures to conserve ecosystem are the following:

• Forest should be reserved and more and trees should be planted across the region especially in those areas where deforestation takes place.
• Wildlife must be protected by enacting laws and creating awareness among people.
• Starting various projects to save endangered species of plants and wildlife.

Ques.2. Explain any three methods of forest conservation adopted by the government after independence.

OR

Mention any three measures taken by the governments for the protection of wildlife.

Ans. The government has adopted the following methods to conserve forests after independence: 

(i)The government has classified the forest into three types—Reserved forest, Protected forest and Unclassed forests, making it clear which activity can be carried out in which type of forest.
Wildlife(ii) To give protection to wildlife, as they fully depend on forests – various acts have been enacted like the Indian wildlife (Protection Act) 1972. Subsequently, central and many state governments established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
(iii) Government has started various programs like Van Mahotsava to highlight the importance of forests among the people of the country.

Ques.3. Give three reasons why we need to save the biodiversity of our planet?
Ans: We must conserve or save the biodiversity of our planet because:
(i) If forests are not saved, whole wildlife will be under threat; they form an important part of the food cycle which will be disturbed.
(ii) Biological loss is directly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity. Such loss marginalized and impoverished many tribal and forest people.
(iii) Women are most affected by the loss of biodiversity as in many societies they collect food and fuel, fodder, water, etc.

Ques.4. What has been the contribution of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act in protecting habitats in India. Explain.
Ans. The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions for protecting habitats. An all-India list of protected species was also published. The thrust of the program was towards protecting the remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats, and restricting trade in wildlife.
Subsequently, central and many state governments established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals, which were gravely threatened, including tiger, one-Harvard rhinoceros, the hangul, and three types of crocodiles. Many other wild animals have been given full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade throughout India.

Ques.5. Write any three effective practices towards conserving forests and wildlife.

OR

Describe the methods of forest conservation.
Ans.

• Through setting up of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries in this way special regions can be declared legally the homes of wild animals. In those areas no hunting or cutting of forest can take place.
• By Launching Specific Projects like Project Tiger etc. In this way important species whose life is in danger can be protected
• Bringing together Communities with government Projects this is the most effective way to conserve forest and wildlife. Chipko movement, Beej Bachao movement and Bishnoi’s love for black buck are some examples.

Ques.6. Write a brief note on ‘Project Tiger’.
Ans: Project Tiger was launched in 1973. Initially, it was successful, as the tiger population went up to 4,002 in 1985 and 4,334 in 1989. But in 1993, the population of tigers had dropped to 3600. There are 27 tiger reserves in India covering an area of 37,761 sq km. Tiger conservation is also a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude.
Corbett National Park, Sunderbans National Park, Bandhavgarh National Park, Sariska wildlife sanctuary, Manas Tiger Reserve, and Periyar Tiger Reserve are some of the tiger reserves of India.   

Ques.7. Why is conservation of forest and wildlife necessary? In what way have conservation projects changed in recent years?
Ans. 

• Conservation of forest and wildlife is important because for sustainable development it is necessary to protect forest and wildlife. 
• Conservation preserves the ecological diversity and our life support system like water, air and soils. 
• It also preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals and ensures better growth of species and breeding.

The conservation projects are now focusing on biodiversity rather than on a few of its components. There is now more intensive search for different conservation measures, even insects are beginning to find a place in conservation policy.

Ques.8. With the help of three examples show how communities have carried out conservation of flora and fauna in India.
Ans.

1. In Sariska, tiger reserve, people have fought against mining by citing the wildlife Protection Act. People themselves protect forest.
2. In Alwar district of Rajasthan, people of five villages have declared 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairo devi Dakav Sanctuary declaring their own set of rules which do not allow hunting etc.
3. In the Himalaya region of Uttarakhand, the famous ‘‘Chipko movement’’ has prevented forest deforestation.

Ques.9. Explain any two famous movements for the protection of forests.
Ans.

1. The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas has successfully resisted deforestation in several areas of Uttarakhand. Farmers and citizen groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya have shown that large-scale production of crops is possible without the use of synthetic chemicals.
2. Joint Forest Management (JFM) program has been in formal existence since 1988 when Orissa passed the first resolution for joint forest management. JFM depends on the formation of local institutions that undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department.

Ques.10. What is bio-diversity? Why is bio-diversity important for human life?
Ans. Biodiversity is immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form and function but closely integrated in a system through multiple network of interdependencies. We share this planet with all plants, birds, animals and insects.
The entire habitat that we live in has immense biodiversity. Human beings along with all living organisms form a complex web of ecological system on which all are interdependent for their existence. Without bio-diversity human life cannot exist.