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Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources

Previous Year Questions 2024

Q1: Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option.    (CBSE 2024)
Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources(a) (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(III), (D)-(I)
(b) (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(c) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
(d) (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: (b)

(A) Ferrous matches with (IV) Cobalt, as ferrous materials are related to iron and cobalt is a metal used in various alloys.

(B) Non-Ferrous matches with (III) Bauxite, since bauxite is a non-ferrous ore primarily used to produce aluminum.

(C) Non-Metallic matches with (II) Granite, because granite is a type of rock and not a metal.

(D) Energy matches with (I) Coal, as coal is a major source of energy.


Q2: (A) How is energy a basic requirement for economic development? Explain.    (CBSE 2024)
OR 
(B) How are conventional sources of energy different from non- conventional sources? Explain. 

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: (A) Energy is a fundamental requirement for economic development because it powers industries, transportation, communication, and daily life. 
Here’s how energy drives economic growth:

  • Industrial Growth: Industries rely on energy to operate machinery, manufacture goods, and process raw materials. Without a stable energy supply, industrial productivity declines, hindering economic growth.
  • Infrastructure Development: Energy is essential for building and maintaining infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and buildings. Construction equipment and materials production depend heavily on energy.
  • Transportation and Trade: Energy fuels transportation systems, including cars, trucks, ships, and airplanes, enabling the movement of goods and people. Efficient transportation networks are vital for trade and commerce, which are key components of economic development.
  • Technological Advancement: Modern technologies, including computers, telecommunications, and medical equipment, require energy to function. Technological innovation drives productivity and economic growth, making energy indispensable.
  • Agriculture and Food Production: Energy is crucial for agricultural activities, such as irrigation, harvesting, and food processing. It also powers the transportation and storage of food, ensuring food security and supporting rural economies.
  • Employment and Income Generation: The energy sector itself creates jobs in production, distribution, and maintenance. Additionally, reliable energy access enables the growth of other sectors, leading to increased employment opportunities and income generation.
  • Quality of Life: Energy improves the quality of life by powering homes, schools, hospitals, and public services. Access to electricity enhances education, healthcare, and overall well-being, which are essential for a productive workforce.

In summary, energy is a cornerstone of economic development as it supports industrial activities, infrastructure, transportation, technology, agriculture, employment, and quality of life. Without adequate and reliable energy, economic progress would be severely constrained.
OR
(B) 
Conventional sources of energy and non-conventional sources of energy are different in the following ways:
1. Source:

  • Conventional Sources: These are traditional sources of energy that have been used for a long time, such as coal, petroleum (oil), natural gas, and hydropower.
  • Non-Conventional Sources: These are newer or alternative sources of energy that are not widely used yet, like solar energy, wind energy, biomass, tidal energy, and geothermal energy.

2. Renewability:

  • Conventional Sources: These sources are mostly non-renewable, meaning they are finite and can run out over time. For example, coal and petroleum are limited and take millions of years to form.
  • Non-Conventional Sources: These are usually renewable, meaning they can be replenished naturally and are not likely to run out, like solar and wind energy.

3. Environmental Impact:

  • Conventional Sources: They often cause pollution and harm the environment. Burning fossil fuels like coal and petroleum releases harmful gases, contributing to air pollution and climate change.
  • Non-Conventional Sources: These sources are generally cleaner and have less impact on the environment. Solar and wind energy, for example, produce little to no pollution.

4. Availability:

  • Conventional Sources: These sources are available in specific regions. For example, coal is found in large quantities in some countries, while oil is concentrated in others.
  • Non-Conventional Sources: These sources can be found anywhere, as long as the natural conditions are right, like sunlight for solar energy or wind for wind energy.

5. Cost:

  • Conventional Sources: They tend to be cheaper initially but can lead to higher long-term costs due to pollution, health effects, and resource depletion.
  • Non-Conventional Sources: They may be expensive to set up initially (like installing solar panels or wind turbines), but they have lower operational costs and are more sustainable in the long run.

In summary, conventional sources are traditional, non-renewable, and polluting, while non-conventional sources are modern, renewable, and environmentally friendly.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy ResourcesSustainable Energy

Previous Year Questions 2023

Q3: Which one of the following is an example of the Ferrous Metal?       (CBSE 2023)
(a) 
Copper
(b) 
Tin
(c) 
Bauxite
(d
) Nickel

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: (d)
Nickel is considered a ferrous metal because it is often used in the production of alloys with iron, which enhances the strength and resistance of steel. In contrast, copper and tin are non-ferrous metals, and bauxite is an ore of aluminum, not a metal itself.


Q4: Read the given case and answer the questions that follow:       (2023)
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY RESOURCES
Energy is a basic requirement for economic development. Every sector of the national economy - agriculture, industry, transport, commercial and domestic - needs inputs of energy. The economic development plans implemented since independence necessarily required increasing amounts of energy to remain operational. As a result, consumption of energy In all forms has been steadily rising all over the country. In this background, there is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development. Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources are the twin planks of sustainable energy. India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world. We have to adopt a cautious approach for the judicious use of our limited energy resources. For example, as concerned citizens we can do our bit by using public transport systems instead of individual vehicles; switching off electricity when not in use, using power-saving devices and using non conventional sources of energy. At last "Energy Saved is energy produced”.
(i) Why is sustainable energy a key to sustainable development?
(ii) Why is consumption of energy rising in all over India?
(iii) Explain 'Energy saved is energy produced.’

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: 
(i) Sustainable energy is a key to sustainable development, as sustainability demands that resource reserves including exhaustible, natural and environmental resources, be maintained.
(ii) After getting independence development of all sectors like agriculture, industry, transport, domestic needs etc. necessarily required to remain in operation, hence consumption of energy in all forms has increased all over India.
(iii) Energy saved is energy produced. We cannot keep on producing non-renewable energy like petrol, diesel and electricity. So the need of the hour is the better utilisation of existing resources. We have to adopt cautions approach for the judicious use of our limited energy resources.

Previous Year Questions 2020

Q5: Classify metallic minerals with an example of each. (2020 C)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • Ferrous minerals: Iron ore, manganese
  • Non-ferrous minerals: Copper, lead, bauxite
  • Precious minerals: Gold, silver, platinum


Q6: "Minerals occur in various forms". Support this statement with examples. (2020)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • Minerals can occur in igneous and metamorphic rocks as veins and lodes. Examples include tin, copper, zinc, and lead.
  • Minerals can also occur in sedimentary rocks as beds or layers. Examples include gypsum, potash salt, and sodium salt.
  • Some minerals are formed through the decomposition of surface rocks, leaving behind residual material. Bauxite is an example.
  • Alluvial deposits in sands can also contain minerals. Gold, silver, tin, and platinum are examples.


Q7: "Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives". Support this statement with examples. (2020)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • Minerals are used in the construction of buildings and infrastructure, such as iron ore for steel.
  • Minerals are used in transportation systems, such as copper for electrical wiring.
  • Minerals are used in electronic devices, such as lithium for batteries.
  • Minerals are used in everyday items, such as gold and silver for jewelry.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy ResourcesSustainable Minerals
Q8: Differentiate between anthracite and bituminous coal on the basis of quality. (2020 C)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • Anthracite coal is of higher quality, while bituminous coal is comparatively lower grade in quality.
  • Anthracite coal has a higher carbon content, causing less pollution compared to bituminous coal.
  • Anthracite coal is available in small quantities in India, while bituminous coal is available in abundance.


Q9: In which of the following states is Kalpakkam nuclear power plant located ?      (2020)
(a) 
Gujarat
(b) Odisha
(c) Kerala
(d) Tamil Nadu

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: (d)
The Kalpakkam nuclear power plant is located in Tamil Nadu, near the town of Kalpakkam, which is close to Chennai. This plant is significant as it contributes to India's energy needs by generating electricity through nuclear power.


Q10: In which of the following States is Narora Nuclear Power Plant located?     (2020)
(a) 
Karnataka
(b) Kerala
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Uttar Pradesh

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: (d)
The Narora Nuclear Power Plant is located in Uttar Pradesh, near the town of Narora, which is about 200 kilometers from Delhi. This plant plays an important role in generating nuclear energy to meet the electricity demands of the region.


Q11: Fill in the blank: ________ is well known for effective use of wind energy in Rajasthan.     (2020)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: Nagarcoiland Jaisalme are well known for the effective use of wind energy in Rajasthan.


Q12: Suggest any one way to enhance the use of natural gas in India.     (2020)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: Use of natural gas:
Making people aware about the importance of using this clean energy resources because this gas is considered environment friendly.


Q13:  Fill in the blanks: 'Gobar gas plants’ provide twin benefits to the farmers in the form of_______and________     (2020)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: 'Gobar gas plants' provide twin benefits to the farmers in the form of energy and manure.


Q14: Suggest any one way to maximize the use of nuclear energy in the field of medicine.     (2020)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: Nuclear medicine use radio-active substances, mostly to diagnose cancer as well as cardiac and other diseases.

Previous Year Questions 2019

Q15: In which of the following state is the Narora Nuclear Power Plant located ? 
(a) Karnataka 
(b) Kerala 
(c) Tamil Nadu 
(d) Uttar Pradesh (CBSE 2019)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: (d)
The Narora Nuclear Power Plant is located in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is situated on the banks of the Ganges River in the Bulandshahr district. This plant is one of India's key nuclear power facilities, generating electricity through nuclear energy.
Thus, the correct answer is (d) Uttar Pradesh.


Q16: “India has fairly rich and varied mineral resources across different regions”. Support the statement with examples. (CBSE 2019)
OR
“Minerals occur in various forms.” Support this statement with examples. (CBSE 2019)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: (1) Minerals occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints in igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks in the form of small occurrences of veins and large occurrences called lodes. Tin and zinc are obtained from veins and lodes. 
(2) Sedimentary Rocks are found in nodes and layers. Minerals like gypsum, coal, iron ore are formed. 
(3) Minerals are also formed by decomposition of surface rocks, and the removal of soluble constituents, leaving a residual mass of weathered material containing ores. For example, bauxite


Q17: ‘Energy saved is energy produced.’ Assess the statement. (CBSE 2019, 17)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: This statement can be supported in the following ways: 
(1) Promotion of energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources is an important measure to save resources for the upcoming generations. 
(2) A judicious use in using our limited energy resources is of utmost significance to encourage development without any threat to survival in the future generations. 
(3) Public transport systems can help save fuel and other important energy resources. Fuel will last for a longer time. 
(4) Using power-saving devices and using nonconventional sources of energy helps in preventing excessive usage of conventional energy resources.

Previous Year Questions 2017

Q18: Describe any three characteristics of the Ballari-Chitradurga, Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru iron-ore belt in India. (Foreign 2017)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • The Ballari-Chitradurga, Chikkamagaluru-Tumakuru iron-ore belt is located in Karnataka.
  • The Kudremukh mines in this belt, located in the Western Ghats, are a 100% export unit.
  • The Kudremukh deposits are known to be one of the largest in the world.
  • The ore from these mines is transported as slurry through a pipeline to a port near Mangaluru.


Q19: Describe any three characteristics of the Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur iron-ore belt in India. (AI 2017)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • The Durg-Bastar-Chandrapur iron-ore belt is located in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra.
  • It provides very high-grade hematite iron ore from the famous Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh.
  • The iron ore deposits in this belt have the best physical properties needed for steel making.
  • Iron ore from these mines is exported to Japan and South Korea via Vishakhapatnam port.


Q20: Describe any three characteristics of the 'Odisha-Jharkhand belt' of iron ore in India. (Delhi 2017)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • The Odisha-Jharkhand belt is known for high-grade haematite ore.
  • In Odisha, the iron ore is found in Badampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhar districts.
  • In Jharkhand, haematite iron ore is mined in Gua and Noamundi.
  • These mines supply iron ore to the steel industry in the eastern and other parts of India.


Q21: Why is it necessary to conserve mineral resources? Explain any four ways to conserve mineral resources.  (AI2017)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: It is necessary to conserve mineral resources because they are limited in availability and the process of mineral formation is slow. Additionally, minerals are non-renewable and exhaustible.
Four ways to conserve mineral resources are:
1. Using minerals in a planned and sustainable manner.
2. Evolving improved technology to allow the use of low-grade ore at a low cost.
3. Practicing recycling of minerals.
4. Using alternative renewable substitutes.


Q22: 'Energy saved is energy produced.’ Assess the statement. (2017)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: The statement "Energy saved is energy produced" emphasizes the importance of conserving energy. By reducing energy wastage and using energy-efficient practices, we can save energy and reduce the need for additional energy production. This approach is beneficial for the environment as it reduces the consumption of fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions.


Q23: Why should we use renewable energy resources? Explain with arguments. (Foreign 2017)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: There are several reasons why we should use renewable energy resources:
1. Non-renewable resources are limited and will eventually get exhausted. In contrast, renewable energy resources such as solar power and wind energy are inexhaustible, making them a sustainable choice for long-term energy needs.
2. The depletion of non-renewable resources like coal and petroleum has taken millions of years to occur. By using renewable energy resources, we can avoid further depletion and preserve these non-renewable resources for future generations.
3. Fossil fuels, which are non-renewable resources, contribute to pollution and environmental degradation. Renewable energy sources, on the other hand, are cleaner and emit fewer greenhouse gases, thus mitigating the impact of climate change.
4. The cost of extracting and using non-renewable resources is increasing as these resources become harder to find. In contrast, the cost of renewable energy technologies, such as solar panels and wind turbines, has been decreasing over time. Investing in renewable energy can help reduce energy costs in the long run.


Q24: Why is energy needed? Write one reason. (CBSE 2017)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: Energy is required for all kinds of activities like cooking, lighting and heating, propelling vehicles and enabling smooth working of machinery in industries.


Q25: “Natural gas is an important source of energy.” Support the statement. (CBSE 2017)

Ans: Natural gas is an important source of energy because: 
(1) It is an industrial raw material in the petrochemical industry.
(2) It helps build fertiliser plants and encourages the use of fertilisers. It can boost agricultural production. 
(3) It can be easily transported through pipelines


Q26: Which state is the largest producer of manganese in India? Mention any two uses of manganese. (CBSE 2017)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: The nation's top producer of manganese is Madhya Pradesh. 
(1) Manganese manufactures steel and ferro-manganese alloy. Nearly 10 kgs of manganese is used in manufacturing one tonne of steel. 
(2) It is used in the production of bleaching powder, insecticides and paints


Q27: “Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives.” Support the statement with examples.  (CBSE 2017)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: (1) Minerals are used to create or produce almost everything we use everyday. This includes our technology, equipment etc., which are made of steel, silicon, aluminium, copper, gold, silver. Needles, Utensils, Clothes, Jewellery, and containers are all made of minerals. 
(2) Transportation was made possible because of minerals. The railway lines and tarmac (paving) of the roads, cars, buses, trains, airplanes are manufactured from minerals. 
(3) Even the food that we eat contains minerals. Minerals are produced when we digest it and even when we excrete it.


Q28: “There is a pressing need for using renewable energy sources in India.” Justify the statement.  (CBSE 2017)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: There is a pressing need to use renewable energy resources because: 
(1) The growing consumption of energy has resulted in the country becoming increasingly dependent on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas.
(2) The rising prices of oil and gas and their potential shortages have raised uncertainties about the security of energy supply in future. 
(3) It has serious repercussions on the growth of the national economy. 
(4) The increasing use of fossil fuels also causes serious environmental problems. 
(5) Non-renewable energy resources take millions of years to regenerate.

Previous Year Questions 2016

Q29: Why are there a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density found in minerals?   (Delhi 2016)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: The varied colours, hardness, crystal forms, lustre, and density found in minerals are due to their chemical composition and the parameters such as temperature, pressure, rate of cooling, etc., present during their formation.


Q30: How is iron-ore transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru?  (CBSE 2016)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: Iron ore is transported from Kudremukh mines to a port near Mangaluru as slurry through pipelines.


Q31: Why should the use of cattle cake as fuel be discouraged?   (Al 2016)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: The use of cattle cake as fuel should be discouraged because it creates pollution and by burning it, a valuable manure resource is destroyed, which could otherwise improve soil fertility.


Q32: How are 'Gobar Gas Plants' beneficial to the farmers?   (CBSE 2016)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: 'Gobar Gas Plants' are beneficial to the farmers in two ways. Firstly, they provide a clean fuel for domestic cooking and lighting. Secondly, they produce high-quality manure that can be used to enhance soil fertility.


Q33: "India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world. Yet we are not able to perform to our full potential." Suggest and explain any three measures to reach our full potential. (Foreign 2016)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • Modernizing technology and machinery in the iron and steel industry to improve efficiency and productivity.
  • Streamlining the supply of inputs such as iron ore and coke to ensure a steady and sufficient availability.
  • Developing a supportive infrastructure, such as adequate electricity capacity, to meet the demands of the industry.
  • Implementing effective customer demand and supply management strategies to optimize production and distribution.


Q34: 'Consumption of energy in all forms has been rising all over the country. There is an urgent need to develop a sustainable path of energy development and energy saving.' Suggest and explain any three measures to solve this burning problem. (AI 2016)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • Increase the use of renewable energy resources like solar power, wind power, biogas, tidal energy, and geothermal energy. This will reduce dependence on non-renewable sources and promote sustainable energy development.
  • Promote energy conservation by encouraging the judicious use of energy resources. This can be achieved through awareness campaigns, energy-efficient practices, and the use of power-saving devices.
  • Improve energy efficiency in industries, transportation, and buildings by adopting energy-saving technologies and practices. This can be done through government regulations, incentives, and public-private partnerships.


Q35: "There is a pressing need to use renewable energy resources." Justify the statement with suitable arguments. (AI 2016)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • The growing consumption of energy has led to increased dependence on fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas, which are finite resources. The use of renewable energy resources can help reduce this dependence and ensure a sustainable energy future.
  • Rising prices and potential shortages of fossil fuels have raised concerns about the security of energy supply. Renewable energy resources are more abundant and can provide a more reliable and secure source of energy.
  • The use of renewable energy resources can help mitigate the adverse environmental impacts of fossil fuel use, such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power are cleaner and have a lower carbon footprint.
  • Investing in renewable energy technologies can stimulate economic growth and create jobs in sectors like manufacturing, installation, and maintenance.


Q36: Which minerals are used to obtain nuclear energy? Name all the six nuclear power stations of India. (AI 2016)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • The minerals used to obtain nuclear energy are uranium and thorium.
  • The six nuclear power stations in India are: Narora Nuclear Power Station, Kakrapara Nuclear Power Station, Tarapur Nuclear Power Station, Kaiga Nuclear Power Station, Rawat Bhata Nuclear Power Station, and Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Station.


Q37: Explain the importance of conservation of minerals. Highlight any three measures to conserve them. (AI2016)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: Conservation of minerals is important for the following reasons:
1. Minerals are the backbone of the economy and are essential for various industries.
2. The total volume of workable mineral deposits is very limited, representing only 1% of the Earth's crust.
3. Mineral resources are being consumed at a rapid rate, while the geological processes of mineral formation are slow. This means that the rate of consumption far exceeds the rate of replenishment.
Three measures to conserve minerals are:
1. Using minerals in a sustainable manner by planning their extraction and usage.
2. Developing improved technologies that allow the use of low-grade ore at a lower cost.
3. Promoting recycling and reuse of minerals to reduce the demand for new extraction.


Q38: Highlight the importance of petroleum. Explain the occurrence of petroleum in India. (CBSE 2016)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: The importance of petroleum can be highlighted as follows:
1. Petroleum is a major source of energy in India, providing fuel for heat, lighting, and transportation.
2. It serves as a lubricant for machinery, ensuring their smooth operation.
3. Petroleum is a crucial raw material for various manufacturing industries.
4. Petroleum refineries play a significant role in supporting industries such as synthetic, textile, fertilizer, and chemical industries.
In India, petroleum occurs in the following ways:
1. Most petroleum reserves in India are associated with anticlines and fault traps.
2. In regions of folding anticlines or domes, petroleum is trapped in the crust of the upfold.
3. Petroleum is also found in fault traps between porous and non-porous rocks.


Q39: Suggest and explain any three measures through which every citizen can help to conserve energy resources. (CBSE 2016)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: Three ways in which citizens can help conserve energy resources are: 
(1) Reduction in usage of individual vehicles. 
(2) Minimisation of electricity usage.
(3) Reduction in usage of water resources

Previous Year Questions 2015

Q40: Why does aluminium metal have great importance?  (2015)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: Aluminium metal has great importance because it combines the properties of great strength, lightness, malleability, and conductivity.


Q41: "Natural gas is considered an environment-friendly fuel." Explain the statement in two points. (AI 2015)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • Natural gas is considered an environment-friendly fuel because it causes less pollution compared to other fossil fuels like coal and oil. It has a lower carbon content and emits fewer greenhouse gases when burned, reducing the impact on climate change.
  • Natural gas is a clean-burning fuel that produces fewer air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter. This improves air quality and reduces the health risks associated with pollution.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy ResourcesRenewable Energy Sources
Q42: How is geothermal energy produced? Explain. (AI 2015)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • Geothermal energy is produced by harnessing the heat from the Earth's interior.
  • In areas with high geothermal gradients, where temperatures increase with depth, groundwater absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot.
  • This hot water or steam rises to the Earth's surface and can be used to drive turbines and generate electricity.


Q43: How can biogas solve the energy problem mainly in rural India? Give your suggestions. (AI 2015)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • Biogas can solve the energy problem in rural India by providing a renewable source of energy that is readily available.
  • The raw materials for biogas production, such as agricultural waste, animal manure, and kitchen waste, are abundant in rural areas.
  • By promoting the use of biogas plants, rural communities can generate their own energy for cooking, lighting, and other domestic uses, reducing their dependence on traditional sources like firewood and kerosene.
  • Biogas production also has environmental benefits, as it helps in waste management by converting organic waste into a useful energy resource and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.


Q44: Describe any three features of ferrous minerals found in India. (Foreign 2015)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • Ferrous minerals in India account for approximately three-fourths of the total value of metallic mineral production.
  • They provide a strong foundation for the expansion of metallurgical industries in the country.
  • India is a leading exporter of ferrous minerals, with magnetite and hematite being some of the common ferrous minerals.
  • States like Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Maharashtra are rich in ferrous mineral deposits.


Q45: How is the mining activity injurious to the health of the miners and the environment? Explain. (Delhi 2015)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans:

  • Mining activities can lead to respiratory diseases and other health issues for miners due to the inhalation of dust and toxic fumes.
  • The roofs and walls of mines can pose a risk of collapsing, leading to accidents and injuries.
  • Flooding and fire hazards are common risks in mining operations.
  • Mining can result in the contamination of water bodies with mineral dust, affecting aquatic life and human consumption.
  • The dumping of waste and slurry from mining operations can degrade the land and contribute to environmental pollution.


Q46: How can solar energy solve the energy problem to some extent in India? Give your opinion. (CBSE 2015)

Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources  View Answer

Ans: Solar energy can contribute to solving the energy problem in India in the following ways:
1. India receives abundant sunlight throughout the year, especially in rural and remote areas. Harnessing solar energy through solar panels and solar power plants can provide a reliable source of electricity in these areas.
2. Establishing solar plants in rural and remote areas can help minimize the dependence on traditional sources of energy such as firewood and dung cakes. This, in turn, contributes to environmental conservation and reduces indoor air pollution.
3. Solar energy can provide electricity for various applications, including lighting, cooking, and powering electronic devices. By utilizing solar energy, India can reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions, thereby mitigating climate change.

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FAQs on Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Previous Year Questions - Minerals and Energy Resources

1. What are the major types of minerals found in India?
Ans. India is rich in various minerals, including metallic minerals like iron ore, bauxite, copper, and zinc, as well as non-metallic minerals such as limestone, mica, and coal. Each of these minerals plays a crucial role in the country's economy and industrial development.
2. How does energy resource distribution affect India's economy?
Ans. The distribution of energy resources in India, such as coal, oil, natural gas, and renewable sources, significantly impacts its economy. Regions rich in these resources tend to develop faster due to industrialization, job creation, and improved infrastructure, while areas with scarce resources may lag in economic development.
3. What are the renewable energy resources available in India?
Ans. India has a diverse range of renewable energy resources, including solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, and biomass. The government has been promoting these resources to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to meet the growing energy demand sustainably.
4. What role do minerals play in India's industrial sector?
Ans. Minerals are fundamental to India's industrial sector as they provide the raw materials necessary for manufacturing processes. Industries such as construction, automotive, and electronics heavily rely on minerals for production, which in turn drives economic growth and development.
5. What are the environmental impacts of mining minerals in India?
Ans. Mining activities in India can lead to significant environmental impacts, including deforestation, soil erosion, water pollution, and loss of biodiversity. The government and various organizations are working towards implementing sustainable mining practices to mitigate these effects and promote environmental conservation.
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