Class 10 History Chapter 3 Question Answers - The Making of a Global World

Q1. The First World War was fought between two power blocs. Explain.

Ans: The First World War, which lasted from 1914 to 1918, involved two main power blocs:

• Allies: This group included Britain, France, and Russia, with the United States joining later.
• Central Powers: This bloc comprised Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Turkey.

The conflict arose from tensions between these alliances, ultimately leading to a global war.

Q2. Explain how food habits are good indicators of globalization.

Ans: The exchange of food crops and habits across regions illustrates the effects of globalization. Key points include:

• The spread of various food crops shows how cultures influence one another.
• For instance, Europeans benefited nutritionally from the introduction of potatoes.
• However, globalization can also have negative consequences, such as the Irish Potato Famine in the 1840s, which caused widespread starvation.

Q3. How did silk routes link the world? Explain with three suitable examples.

Ans: The Silk Routes were vital for connecting different parts of the world, and facilitating trade and cultural exchange over vast distances. Here are three key examples:

• Linking East and West: The routes connected China with the West, allowing for the transport of silk and other goods.
• Trade of Goods: Chinese pottery reached India before the Christian era. In return, textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia were sent to China, while precious metals like gold and silver flowed from Europe to Asia.
• Cultural Exchange: The Silk Routes facilitated the spread of ideas, such as Buddhism from eastern India, and later, Christian missionaries and early Muslim preachers traveled these routes to share their beliefs.

Q4. Who were the indentured laborers? Which states of India produced the largest number of indentured labor?

Indian Indentured Labourers

Ans: Indentured laborers were bonded workers who signed contracts to work abroad for a specific wage and duration. These contracts often allowed for transfers to different countries.

The largest numbers of indentured laborers originated from:

• Uttar Pradesh
• Bihar
• Central India
• Specific districts of Tamil Nadu

Q5. Describe some technological developments of the nineteenth century that affected industrial growth.

Ans: Technological developments in the nineteenth century significantly impacted industrial growth.

• Railways connected agricultural regions to ports, making it easier to transport goods.
• Shipbuilding became vital, with nations competing to control sea trade routes.
• The invention of the steam engine led to steamships and railways, allowing large quantities of goods to be moved over long distances.

Q6. What was the new system of slavery in the nineteenth century?

Ans: The indentured labor system in the nineteenth century is often viewed as a new form of slavery due to several exploitative practices:

• Deceptive Recruitment: Many poor laborers were misled by agents and employers, often unaware of their final destinations.
• Forced Labour: Some individuals were taken against their will, highlighting the coercive nature of the system.
• Poor Treatment: Indentured workers frequently endured harsh living and working conditions, similar to those of enslaved individuals.

Q7. How was the USA able to recover from the post–World War economic crisis?

Ans: The USA's recovery from the post-war economic crisis was swift, driven by several key factors:

• Strong Growth: The economy began to expand significantly in the early 1920s.
• Mass Production: Henry Ford's introduction of assembly line production transformed manufacturing.
• Foreign Investment: Substantial investments from abroad supported economic growth.
• Agricultural Exports: A rise in agricultural exports further boosted the economy.

Q8. Describe how the Great Depression spread from the USA to other countries of the world.

Ans: The American crisis significantly affected other countries due to their reliance on US capital and loans. This dependence, along with internal economic weaknesses, worsened the situation. Key factors that contributed to the spread of the Great Depression include:

• Lack of confidence among investors, resulting in widespread panic.
• Countries faced their economic vulnerabilities.
• Britain's decision to return to the gold standard at the pre-World War I rate of 4.86 dollars to 1 pound sterling.

Q9. Write a short note on the effects of the Second World War.

Ans: The Second World War was even more destructive than the first, resulting in the loss of about 3% of the world's population. Notably, more civilians died than soldiers.

• The war led to the rise of the USA and USSR as superpowers.
• It also resulted in the creation of international organizations, such as the UNO, aimed at promoting peace and stability.

Q10. Briefly summarise the two lessons learned by the economists and politicians from the post-war economic experience.

Ans: In the post-war period, economists and politicians learned two important lessons:

• Mass consumption in an industrial society depends on having high and stable incomes.
• To maintain stable incomes, full employment is essential, which requires government intervention to manage the economy.

Additionally, governments need to control the flow of goods, capital, and labor to achieve these goals.