Table of contents |
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What is a Matter? |
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States of Matter |
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Classification of Matter |
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Properties of Matter |
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Units for Measurement |
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Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter. The quantity of matter is its mass. Example: chalk, table, car, air, pen, YOU!.
Matter can exist in three physical states viz. solid, liquid, and gas.
The constituent particles of matter in these three states can be represented as shown in the figure:
Because of such an arrangement of particles, different states of matter exhibit the following characteristics:
Note: These three states of matter are interconvertible by changing the conditions of temperature and pressure.
The classification of matter is based upon the chemical composition of various substances. According to this matter can be further divided into two types, pure substance, and mixtures.
Pure Substances: A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout. They are entirely made of a single type of atom or molecule. Depending on whether they are made up of single type of atoms or molecules they are further classified into ELEMENTS and COMPOUNDS
Differemt Elements
Example: Water, methane are made up of molecules , H20 and CH4 respectively.
Mixtures are the aggregate of more than one type of pure substance whose chemical identity remains maintained even in mixtures. Their constituent ratio may vary, unlike compounds.
Example: Sugar + Water = Sugar Syrup
Gunpowder: 75% KNO3 + 10% Sulphur + 15% carbon
There are two types of mixture:
(a) Homogeneous mixtures
(b) Heterogenous mixtures
Example: Salt solution, sugar solution, Air.
Example: Soil, mixture of sand and water.
All physical quantities have to be measured. The value of a physical quantity is expressed as the product of the numerical value and the unit in which it is expressed. For example, for the physical quantity length, say “7 meter”, “7” represents the numerical value and “meter” represents the unit.
Fundamental units are those units which can neither be derived from one another nor can be further resolved into any other units.
The International System of Units (in French Le Systeme International d’Unites– abbreviated as SI) was established by the 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM from Conference Generale des Poids at Measures). The SI system has seven base units.
Table: The Seven Fundamental Units of measurement in S.I. system.
Some quantities are expressed as a function of more than one fundamental unit known as derived units.
Example: Velocity, acceleration, work, energy, area, density, etc.
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204 videos|331 docs|229 tests
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