Coronary Heart Disease | Biology for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 PDF Download

Coronary Heart Disease 

The coronary arteries

• The heart muscle, like all tissues, requires its own supply of oxygen, glucose, and nutrients, and the removal of waste products such as carbon dioxide.
• This supply is delivered by the coronary arteries, which branch off from the aorta.
• When fatty deposits, known as plaques, partially or fully obstruct these arteries, they lose their elasticity and cannot adequately accommodate blood flow, a condition known as coronary artery disease.
• Partial blockages reduce blood flow to the heart muscle cells, resulting in angina, characterized by severe chest pain.
• Complete blockages prevent oxygen from reaching the affected heart muscle cells, leading to cell death and potentially causing a heart attack.

Buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries

Effect of narrowing of arteries

Risk Factors for CHD Table

Diet, Exercise & Coronary Heart Disease

Reducing the risks of developing coronary heart disease:

• Stop smoking: This action is crucial for reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. Smoking cessation helps lower cholesterol levels, promotes weight loss, and improves overall cardiovascular health.
• Healthy diet: Opt for a diet low in animal fats and rich in fruits and vegetables. By making these dietary choices, you can effectively manage cholesterol levels, control weight, and reduce the likelihood of heart problems.
• Regular exercise: Engaging in physical activity on a consistent basis is beneficial for weight management, blood pressure regulation, cholesterol control, and stress reduction. These factors play a significant role in preventing coronary heart disease.