Distribution of Cryptogams in India | Botany Optional for UPSC PDF Download

Cryptogams are a diverse group of non-flowering plants that include algae and fungi. These inconspicuous organisms play crucial roles in various ecosystems across India. In this article, we will delve into the distribution of cryptogams, specifically algae and fungi, in different habitats throughout the country.

Algae in India

Algae are ubiquitous in India, thriving in a wide range of environments. Here's a detailed look at their distribution:

Spirogyra, a freshwater algae, is quite prevalent in India, earning it nicknames like "pondscum," "pond silk," or "water silk." It is typically found in stagnant reservoirs, ditches, and streams. Notably, India boasts a diverse array of Spirogyra species, including S. jogens, S. crassata, S. elongata, and many more.

Fungi in India

Fungi, unlike algae, are found in every nook and cranny of India. These non-photosynthetic organisms fall into various categories based on their nutritional strategies:

One of the most recognizable fungi in India is Rhizopus, a saprophytic fungus found on decaying organic matter. Its mycelium, composed of thin white hyphae, can be observed on various substrates, including pickles and neglected shoes, especially during the rainy season. Under certain conditions, Rhizopus can become parasitic, causing soft rot in sweet potatoes.

Yeast, another well-known fungus, thrives in environments rich in sugars, such as sugarcane, fruit juices, and milk. Some yeast species even inhabit animal excreta.

In conclusion, India's diverse ecosystems host a rich assortment of cryptogams, including algae and fungi. These often-overlooked organisms contribute significantly to the country's biodiversity and ecological balance. Understanding their distribution and ecological roles is crucial for the conservation and sustainable management of India's natural resources.