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Electron Transport System & Respiratory Balance Sheet Video Lecture | Biology for JAMB

FAQs on Electron Transport System & Respiratory Balance Sheet Video Lecture - Biology for JAMB

1. What is the Electron Transport System?
Ans. The Electron Transport System, also known as the electron transport chain or respiratory chain, is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is responsible for transferring electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to electron acceptors, such as oxygen, in order to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
2. How does the Electron Transport System generate ATP?
Ans. The Electron Transport System generates ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. As electrons are passed along the protein complexes in the electron transport chain, protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient. This gradient drives the ATP synthase enzyme to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
3. What is the role of oxygen in the Electron Transport System?
Ans. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport System. It receives electrons at the end of the electron transport chain and combines with protons to form water. This process, known as the terminal electron transfer, ensures the continuous flow of electrons and allows for the production of ATP.
4. How is the Electron Transport System balanced with respiration?
Ans. The Electron Transport System and respiration are tightly linked through the supply of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. During respiration, oxygen is inhaled and transported to the cells, where it serves as the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport System. Simultaneously, carbon dioxide, a byproduct of respiration, is produced and expelled through exhalation.
5. What happens if there is a disruption in the Electron Transport System?
Ans. A disruption in the Electron Transport System can lead to a decrease in ATP production and impaired cellular respiration. This can occur due to various factors, such as genetic mutations, toxins, or mitochondrial diseases. Without a functioning electron transport chain, cells may experience energy depletion, oxidative stress, and a range of health problems.
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